CINNAMON  , the inner bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, a small See also:

• EVERGREEN

evergreen See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree belonging to the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Lauraceae, native to See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon . The leaves are large, ovate-oblong in shape, and the See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, which are arranged in panicles, have a greenish See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and a rather disagreeable odour . Cinnamon has been known from remote antiquity, and it was so highly prized among See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient nations that it was regarded as a See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• FIT

fit for monarchs and other See also:

• GREAT

great potentates . It is mentioned in Exod. See also:

• XXX

xxx . 23, where See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses is commanded to use both sweet cinnamon (Kinnamon) and See also:

• CASSIA (Lat. cassia, Gr. mulct)
• CASSIA, VIA

cassia, and it is alluded to by See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus under the name Kivvapwpov, and by other classical writers . The tree is grown at See also:

• TELLICHERRY

Tellicherry, in See also:

• JAVA

Java, the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies, See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil and See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, but the produce of none of these places approaches in quality that grown in Ceylon . Ceylon cinnamon of See also:

• FINE

fine quality is a very thin smooth bark, with a See also:

• LIGHT

light-yellowish See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown colour, a highly fragrant odour, and a peculiarly sweet, warm and pleasing aromatic See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . Its flavour is due to an aromatic oil which it contains to the extent of from o•5 to I % . This essential oil, as an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, is prepared by roughly pounding the bark, macerating it in See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• WATER

water, and then quickly distilling the whole . It is of a See also:

• GOLDEN

golden-yellow colour, with the See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar odour of cinnamon and a very hot aromatic taste . It consists essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, and by the absorption of See also:

• OXYGEN (symbol 0, atomic weight 16)

oxygen as it becomes old it darkens in colour and develops resinous compounds . Cinnamon is principally employed in See also:

• COOKERY (Lat. coquus, a cook)

cookery as a condiment and flavouring material, being largely used in the preparation of some kinds of See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate and See also:

• LIQUEURS

liqueurs .

In See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine it acts like other volatile See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils and has a reputation as a cure for colds . Being a much more costly spice than cassia, that comparatively harsh-flavoured substance is frequently substituted for or added to it . The two barks when whole are easily enough distinguished, and their microscopical characters are also quite distinct . When powdered bark is treated with See also:

• TINCTURE (Fr. teinture, Lat. tinctura, tingere, to dye, stain)

tincture of See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

iodine, little effect is visible in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of pure cinnamon of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good quality, but when cassia is present a deep-See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue tint is produced, the intensity of the coloration depending on the proportion of the cassia . CINNAMON-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

STONE, a variety of See also:

• GARNET
• GARNET, or GARNETT, HENRY (1555—1606)

garnet, belonging to the See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime-alumina type, known also as essonite or hessonite, from the Gr. iavwv, " inferior," in allusion to its being less hard and less dense than most other garnet . It has a characteristic red colour, inclining to See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange, much like that of See also:

• HYACINTH (Gr. ualavOor)
• HYACINTH, or JACINTH

hyacinth or jacinth . Indeed it was shown many years ago, by See also:

• SIR

Sir A . H . See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, that many gems, especially engraved stcnes, commonly regarded as hyacinth, were really cinnamon-stone . The difference is readily detected by the specific gravity, that of hessonite being 3.64 to 3.69, whilst that of hyacinth (See also:

• ZIRCON

zircon) is about 4.6 . Hessonite is rather a soft stone, its hardness being about that of See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz or 7, whilst the hardness of most garnet reaches 7•5 . Cinnamon-stone comes chiefly from Ceylon, where it is found generally as pebbles, though its occurrence in its native See also:

• MATRIX

matrix is not unknown .