CIRCAR  , an See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• TERM

term applied to the component parts of a subah or See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, each of which is administered by a See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy-See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor . In See also:

• ENGLISH

English it is principally employed in the name of the See also:

• NORTHERN

NORTHERN CIRCARS, used to designate a now obsolete See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• MADRAS

Madras See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency, which consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal from 150 40' to 200 17' N. See also:

• LAT

lat . These Northern Circars were five in number, See also:

• CHICACOLE

Chicacole, See also:

• RAJAHMUNDRY, or RAJAMAHENDRI

Rajahmundry, See also:

• ELLORE

Ellore, Kondapalli and Guntur, and their See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area was about 30,000 sq. m . The See also:

• DISTRICT

district corresponds in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main to the See also:

• MODERN

modern districts of See also:

• KISTNA (or KRISHNA)
• KISTNA, or KRISHNA

Kistna, See also:

• GODAVARI

Godavari, See also:

• VIZAGAPATAM

Vizagapatam, See also:

• GANJAM

Ganjam and a See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• NELLORE

Nellore . It was first invaded by the Mahommedans in 1471; in 1541 they conquered Kondapalli, and nine years later they extended their conquests over all Guntur and the districts of See also:

• MASULIPATAM, or BANDAR

Masulipatam . But the invaders appear to have acquired only an imperfect See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, as it was again wrested from the See also:

• HINDU

Hindu princes of See also:

• ORISSA

Orissa about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1571, during the reign of See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim, of the Kutb Shahi See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of See also:

• HYDERABAD, HAIDARABAD
• HYDERABAD, or HAIDARABAD

Hyderabad or See also:

• GOLCONDA

Golconda . In 1687 the Circars were added, along with the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire of Hyderabad, to the extensive empire of See also:

• AURANGZEB (1618-1707)

Aurangzeb . Salabat Jang, the son of the See also:

• NIZAM

nizam ul mulk Asaf Jah, who was indebted for his See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation to the See also:

• THRONE

throne to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• COMPANY

Company, granted them in return for their services the district of Kondavid or Guntur, and soon afterwards the other Circars . In 1759, by the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of the fortress of Masulipatam, the dominion of the maritime provinces on both sides, from the See also:

• RIVER

river Gundlakamma to the Chilka See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, was necessarily transferred from the French to the See also:

• BRITISH

British . But the latter See also:

• LEFT

left them under the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the nizam, with the exception of the See also:

• TOWN

town and fortress of Masulipatam, which were retained by the English East India Company . In 1765 See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801-1873)
• CLIVE, CATHERINE [KITTY] (1711-1785)
• CLIVE, ROBERT CLIVE, BARON (1725-1774)

Clive obtained from the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Shah Alam a See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of the five Circars . Hereupon the fort of Kondapalli was seized by the British, and on the 12th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1766 a treaty of See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance was signed with Nizam See also:

• ALI

Ali by which the Company, in return for the grant of the Circars, undertook to maintain troops for the nizam's assistance .

By a second treaty, signed on the 1st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1768, the nizam acknowledged the validity of Shah Alam's grant and resigned the Circars to the Company, receiving as a See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of friendship an See also:

• ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity of £50,000 . Guntur, as the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of the nizam's See also:

• BROTHER

brother Basalat Jang, was excepted during his lifetime under both See also:

• TREATIES

treaties . He died in 1782, but it was not till 1788 that Guntur came under British administration . Finally, in 1823, the claims of the nizam over the Northern Circars were bought outright by the Company, and they became a British possession .