See also:

• CITIUM (Gr. Kition)

CITIUM (Gr. Kition)  , the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal Phoenician See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus, situated at the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north end of See also:

• MODERN

modern Larnaca, on the See also:

• BAY

bay of the same name on the S.E. See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island . Converging currents from E. and W. meet and pass seawards off Cape Kiti a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, and greatly facilitated See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . To S. and W. the site is protected by lagoons, the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt from which was one of the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of its prosperity . The earliest remains near the site go ' For a discussion of this question see Kathleen Schlesinger, The See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

Instruments of the See also:

• ORCHESTRA (Fr. Orchestre; Ger. Kapelle, Orchester; Ital. Orchestra)

Orchestra, See also:

• PART

part ii., and especially chapters on the See also:

• CITHARA (Assyrian chetarah; Gr. KcOhpa; Lat, cithara; perhaps Heb. kinura, kinnor)

cithara in transition during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, and the question of the origin of the See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht Psalter, in which the See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution of the cithara is traced at some length.back to the Mycenaean See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (c . 1400–1100 B.C.) and seem to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark an See also:

• AEGEAN

Aegean See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony:2 but in historic times See also:

• CITIUM (Gr. Kition)

Citium is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centre of Phoenician See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in Cyprus . That this was still a See also:

• RECENT

recent See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement in the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century is suggested by an allusion in a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies of See also:

• ASSUR
• ASSUR (Auth. Vera. Asshur)

Assur-bani-See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

pal of See also:

• ASSYRIA

Assyria in 668 B.c. to a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Damasu of $.artihadasti (Phoenician for " New-See also:

• TOWN

town "), where Citium would be expected . A Phoenician See also:

• DEDICATION (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce)

dedication to " See also:

• BAAL

Baal of See also:

• LEBANON
• LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

Lebanon " found here, and dated also to the 7th century, suggests that Citium may have belonged to See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre . The biblical name Kittim, derived from Citium, is in fact used quite generally for Cyprus as a whole; 3 later also for Greeks and See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general.' The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery here of an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of See also:

• SARGON

Sargon II. suggests that Citium was the administrative centre of Cyprus during the See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate (709—668 B.c.).5 During the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek revolts of 500, 386 foll. and 352 B.C., Citium led the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side loyal to See also:

• PERSIA

Persia and was besieged by. an Athenian force in 449 B.C.; its extensive See also:

• NECROPOLIS

necropolis proves that it remained a considerable city even after the Greek cause triumphed with See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander . But like other cities of Cyprus, it suffered repeatedly from See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake, and in See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval times when its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour became silted the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population moved to Larnaca, on the open roadstead, farther south . Harbour and citadel have now quite disappeared, the latter having been used to fill up the former shortly after the See also:

• BRITISH

British occupation; some gain to See also:

• HEALTH

health resulted, but an irreparable loss to See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . Traces remain of the See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, and of a See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary with copious terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta offerings; the large necropolis yields See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant See also:

• LOOT

loot to illicit excavation .