1ST See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• EDWARD

EDWARD See also:

• HYDE
• HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

HYDE See also:

• CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF
• 1ST EARL OF EDWARD HYDE CLARENDON (1609-1674)
• CLARENDON, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS, 4TH EARL OF (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)
• CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

CLARENDON (1609-1674)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English historian and statesman, son of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• HYDE
• HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

Hyde of Dinton, See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire, a member of a See also:

• FAMILY

family for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time established at Norbury, See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 18th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 16og . He entered Magdalen See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, in 1622 (having been refused a demyship at Magdalen See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College), and graduated B.A. in 1626 . Intended originally for See also:

• HOLY

holy orders, the See also:

• DEATH

death of two See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers made him his' See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir, and in 1625 he entered the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple . At the university his abilities were more conspicuous than his See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, and at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar his time was devoted more to See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• READING

reading and to the society of eminent scholars and writers than to the study of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law See also:

• TREATISES

treatises . This wandering from the beaten track, however, was not without its' advantages . In later years See also:

• CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF
• CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, 1ST EARL OF (1609-1674)
• CLARENDON, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS, 4TH EARL OF (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)
• CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

Clarendon declared " next the immediate blessing and See also:

• PROVIDENCE

providence of See also:

• GOD

God Almighty " that he " owed all the little he knew and the little See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good that was in him to the friendships and conversation . . . of the most excellent men in their several kinds that lived in that See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age." 1 These included See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• JONSON

Jonson, See also:

• SELDEN, JOHN (1584–1654)

Selden, See also:

• WALLER, EDMUND (1606-1687)
• WALLER, LEWIS (186o- )
• WALLER, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1597-1668)

Waller, See also:

• HALES, JOHN (1584-1656)
• HALES, or HAYLES, JOHN (d. 1571)
• HALES, STEPHEN (1677-1761)

Hales, and especially See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• FALKLAND
• FALKLAND, LUCIUS CARY

Falkland; and from their See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and the wide reading in which he indulged, he doubtless See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew the solid learning and See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent which afterwards distinguished him . In 1629 he married his first wife, See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, daughter of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Ayliffe, who died six months afterwards; and secondly, in 1634, Frances, daughter of Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• AYLESBURY

Aylesbury, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master of See also:

• REQUESTS, COURT OF

Requests . In 1633 he was called to the bar, and obtained quickly a good position and practice . His marriages had gained for him influential See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, and in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1634 he was made keeper of the writs and rolls of the See also:

• COMMON

common pleas; while his able conduct of the See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition of the See also:

• LONDON

London merchants against See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland earned See also:

• LAUD (Lat. laws)
• LAUD, WILLIAM (1573-1645)

Laud's approval . He was returned to the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament 1 See also:

• LIFE

Life, i . 25 .

in 164o as member for Wootton Bassett . Respect and veneration for the law and constitution of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England were already fundamental principles with Hyde, and the flagrant violations and perversions of the law which characterized the twelve preceding years of See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• RULE

rule drove him into the ranks of the popular party . He served on numerous and important committees, and his See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• ACTION

action was directed chiefly to-wards the support and restoration of the law . He assailed the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the See also:

• EARL

earl See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and in the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long Parliament, in which he sat for See also:

• SALTASH

Saltash, renewed his attacks and practically effected its suppression . In 1641 he served on the committees for inquiring into the status of the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales and of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North, distinguished himself by a speech against the latter, and took an important See also:

• PART

part in the proceedings against the See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges . He supported See also:

• STRAFFORD, EARLS OF
• STRAFFORD, THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL

Strafford's See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment, and did not See also:

• VOTE

vote against the See also:

• ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)

attainder, subsequently making an unsuccessful See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt through See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex to avert the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty) . Hyde's See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance, however, to the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of England was as staunch as his support of the law, and was soon to See also:

• SEPARATE

separate him from the popular See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction . In February 1641 he opposed the reception of the London petition against See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

episcopacy, and in May the project for unity of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion with the Scots, and the See also:

• BILL

bill for the exclusion of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy from See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . He showed See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy in his opposition to the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

Root and See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

Branch Bill, and, though made chairman of the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee on the bill on the rrth of See also:

• JULY

July in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to silence his opposition, he caused by his successful obstruction the failure of the measure . In consequence he was summoned to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's presence, and encouraged in his attitude, and at the beginning of the second session was regarded as one of the king's ablest supporters in the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons . He considered the claims put forward at this time by parliament as a violation and not as a See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee of the law and constitution . He opposed the demand by the parliament to choose the king's ministers, and also the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Remonstrance, to which he wrote a reply published by the king .

He now definitely though not openly joined the royal cause, and refused office in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1642 with See also:

• COLEPEPER, JOHN COLEPEPER (or CULPEPPER)

Colepeper and Falkland in order to serve the king's interests more effectually . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles undertook to do nothing in the Commons without their See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice . Nevertheless a few days afterwards, without their knowledge and by the advice of Lord See also:

• DIGBY, KENELM HENRY (1800-188o)
• DIGBY, SIR EVERARD (1578-1606)
• DIGBY, SIR KENELM (1603-1665)

Digby, he attempted the See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest of the five members, a resort to force which reduced Hyde to despair, and which indeed seemed to show that things had gone too far for an See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to the law . He persevered, nevertheless, in his legal policy, to which Charles after the failure of his project again returned, joined the king openly in See also:

• JUNE

June, and continued to compose the king's answers and declarations in which he appealed to the " known See also:

• LAWS

Laws of the See also:

• LAND

land " against the arbitrary and illegal acts of a seditious See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority in the parliament, his advice to the king being " to shelter himself wholly under the law, . . . presuming that the king and the law together would have been strong enough for any encounter." Hyde's appeal had See also:

• GREAT

great influence, and gained for the king's cause See also:

• HALF

half the nation . It by no means, however, met with universal support among the royalists, See also:

• HOBBES, THOMAS (1588–1679)

Hobbes jeering at Hyde's love for " mixed See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy," and the courtiers expressing their disapproval of the " spirit of See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation " which " wounded the regality." It was destined to failure owing principally to the invincible distrust of Charles created in the parliament leaders, and to the fact that Charles was simultaneously carrying on another and an inconsistent policy, listening to very different advisers, such as the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen and Digby, and resolving on See also:

• MEASURES

measures (such as the attempt on See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull) without Hyde's knowledge or approval . See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, accordingly, in spite of his efforts, See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out . He was expelled the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Commons on the 11th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1642, and was one of those excepted later from See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . He showed great activity in See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting loans, was See also:

• PRESENT

present at Edgehill, though not as a combatant, and followed the king to Oxford, residing at All Souls College from See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1642 till See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1645 . On the 22nd of • Hist. of the See also:

• REBELLION

Rebellion, iii . 164, the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account being substantially accepted by See also:

• GARDINER
• GARDINER, JAMES (1688-1745)
• GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON (1829–1902)
• GARDINER, STEPHEN (c. 1493–1555)

Gardiner, in spite of inaccuracies in details (Hist. ix . 341, See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note) .

February he was made a privy councillor and knighted, and on the 3rd of March appointed See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer . He was an influential member of the " Junto " which met every See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week to discuss business before it was laid before the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . His aim was to gain over some of the leading Parliamentarians by See also:

• PERSONAL

personal influence and personal considerations, and at the See also:

• UXBRIDGE

Uxbridge negotiations in January 1645, where he acted as See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal manager on the king's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, while remaining See also:

• FIRM

firm on the great See also:

• POLITICAL

political questions such as the church and the See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia, he tried to win individuals by promises of places and honours . He promoted the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of the Oxford parliament in December 1643 as a counterpoise to the influence and status of the Long Parliament . Hyde's policy and measures, however, all failed . They had been weakly and irregularly supported by the king, and were fiercely opposed by the military party, who were jealous of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil influence, and were urging Charles to See also:

• TRUST

trust to force and arms alone and eschew all See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise and concessions . Charles See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell now under the influence of persons devoid of all legal and constitutional scruples, sending to Glamorgan in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland " those See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers and instructions inexcusable to See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, piety and prudence." 2 'Hyde's influence was much diminished, and on the 4th of March 1645 he See also:

• LEFT

left the king for See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol as one of the guardians of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Wales and See also:

• GOVERNORS

governors of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . Here the disputes between the council and the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army paralysed the proceedings, and lost, according to Hyde, the finest opportunity since the outbreak of the war of raising a strong force and gaining substantial victories in that part of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . After See also:

• HOPTON, RALPH HOPTON, BARON (1598-1652)

Hopton's defeat on the 16th of February 1646, at See also:

• TORRINGTON
• TORRINGTON (GREAT TORRINGTON)
• TORRINGTON, GEORGE BYNG, VISCOUNT (1663-1733)

Torrington, Hyde accompanied the prince, on the 4th of March, to Scilly, and on the 17th of See also:

• APRIL

April, for greater See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security, to See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey . He strongly disapproved of the prince's removal to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France by the queen's order and of the schemes of assistance from abroad, refused to accompany him, and signed a See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond to prevent the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of Jersey to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French supported by Jermyn . He opposed the projected See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice of the church to the Scots and the See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant by the king of any but personal or temporary concessions, declaring that See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was only possible " upon the old See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in church and See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state." He was especially averse to Charles's tampering with the Irish Romanists . " Oh, Mr Secretary," he wrote to See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas, " those stratagems have given me more sad See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours than all the misfortunes in war which have befallen the king and look like the effects of God's anger towards us." 3 Ile refused to See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound for his own See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate .

While in Jersey he resided first at St Helier and afterwards at See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle with Sir George See also:

• CARTERET, SIR GEORGE (c. 1610-1680)

Carteret . He composed the first portion of his See also:

• HISTORY

History and kept in See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with events by means of an enormous See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence . In 1648 he published A Full See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to an infamous and traiterous Pamphlet . . ., a reply to the See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution of the parliament to present no more addresses to the king and a vindication of Charles . On the outbreak of the second Civil War Hyde left Jersey (26th of June 1648) to join the queen and prince at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . He landed at See also:

• DIEPPE

Dieppe, sailed from.that See also:

• PORT

port to See also:

• DUNKIRK
• DUNKIRK (Fr. Dunkerque)

Dunkirk, and thence followed the prince to the See also:

• THAMES

Thames, where Charles had met the See also:

• FLEET

fleet, but was captured and robbed by a See also:

• PRIVATEER

privateer, and only joined the prince in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September after the latter's return to the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague . He strongly disapproved of the king's concessions at See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport . When the army broke off the treaty and brought Charles to trial he endeavoured to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save his life, and after the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution drew up a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to the several See also:

• EUROPEAN

European sovereigns invoking their assistance to avenge it . Hyde strongly opposed Charles II.'s ignominious surrender to the See also:

• COVENANTERS

Covenanters, the See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with the Scots, and the Scottish expedition, desiring to accomplish whatever was possible there through See also:

• MONTROSE
• MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF (1612—1650)
• MONTROSE, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Montrose and the royalists, and inclined rather to an attempt in Ireland . His advice was not followed, and he gladly accepted a See also:

• MISSION

mission with See also:

• COTTINGTON, FRANCIS COTTINGTON, BARON (1578-1652)

Cottington to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain to obtain See also:

• MONEY

money from the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic powers, and to arrange an alliance between See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen O'See also:

• NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH (1810-1857)

Neill and See also:

• ORMONDE, EARL AND MARQUESS OF
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 1ST DUKE
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 2ND DUKE OF (1665-1745)

Ormonde for the recovery of Ireland, arriving at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid on the 26th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1649 . The defeat, however, of Charles at See also:

• DUNBAR, GEORGE (1774—1851)
• DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE (1872–1906)
• DUNBAR, WILLIAM (c. 1460-c. 1520)

Dunbar, and the See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell's ascendancy, influenced the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish government 2 Clarendon St . Pap. ii .

337 . 3 Ibid . against them, and they were ordered to leave in December 165o . Hyde arrived at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp in January 1651, and in December rejoined Charles at Paris after the latter's See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester . He now became one of his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief advisers, accompanying him in his See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence to See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne in October 1654 and to See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges in 165$, and was appointed lord chancellor on the 13th of January 1658 . His influence was henceforth maintained in spite of the intrigues of both Romanists and Presbyterians, as well as the violent and openly displayed hostility of the queen, and was employed unremittingly in the endeavour to keep Charles faithful to the church and constitution, and in the prevention of unwise concessions and promises which might estrange the general See also:

• BODY

body of the royalists . His advice to Charles was to wait upon the turn of events, " that all his activity was to consist in carefully avoiding to do anything that might do him hurt and to expect some blessed conjuncture."1 In 1656, during the war between England and Spain, Charles received offers of help from the latter See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power provided he could gain a port in England, but Hyde discouraged small isolated attempts . He expected much from Cromwell's death . The same See also:

• YEAR

year he made an alliance with the See also:

• LEVELLERS

Levellers, and was informed of their plots to assassinate the See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector, without apparently expressing any disapproval.2 He was well supplied with See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information from England,3 and guided the action of the royalists with great ability and See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom during the See also:

• INTERVAL

interval between Cromwell's death and the Restoration, urged See also:

• PATIENCE

patience, and advocated the obstruction of a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement between the factions contending for power and the fomentation of their jealousies, rather than premature risings . The Restoration was a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph for Hyde's policy . He See also:

• LAYS

lays no stress on his own great part in it, but it was owing to him that the Restoration was a See also:

• NATIONAL

national one, by the consent and invitation of parliament representing the whole See also:

• PEOPLE

people and not through the See also:

• MEDIUM

medium of one powerful faction enforcing its will upon a minority, and that it was not only a restoration of Charles but a restoration of the monarchy . By Hyde's advice concessions to the inconvenient demands of special factions had been avoided by referring the decision to a " See also:

• FREE

free parliament," and the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of .

See also:

• BREDA

Breda reserved for parliament the settlement of the questions of See also:

• AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty, religious See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration and the proprietorship of forfeited lands . Hyde entered London with the king, all attempts at effecting his fall having failed, and immediately obtained the chief See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the government, retaining the chancellorship of the exchequer till the 13th cif May 1661, when he surrendered it to Lord See also:

• ASHLEY, WILLIAM JAMES (186o- )

Ashley . He took his seat as See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker of the House of Lords and in the court of See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery on the 1st of June 166o . On the 3rd of November 166o he was made See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron Hyde of Hindon, and on the loth of April 1661 See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Cornbury and earl of Clarendon, receiving a grant from the king of £20,000 and at different times of various small estates and Irish rents . The See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of his daughter Anne to See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, celebrated in See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret in September 166o, at first alarmed . Clarendon on account of the public hostility he expected thereby to incur, but finding his fears unconfirmed he acquiesced in its public recognition in December, and thus became related in a special manner to the royal family and the grandfather of two English sovereigns.' Clarendon's position was one of great difficulties, but at the same time of splendid opportunities . In particular a rare occasion now offered itself of settling the religious question on a broad principle of comprehension or toleration; for the monarchy had been restored not by the supporters of the church alone but largely by the influence and aid of the nonconformists and also of the Roman Catholics, who were all See also:

• UNITED

united at that happy 1 Hist. of the Rebellion, xiii . 140 . 2 Clarendon State Papers, iii . 316, 325, 341, 343 . 8 His' . See also:

• MSS

MSS .

See also:

• COMM

Comm.: MSS. of F . W . Leyborne-See also:

• POPHAM, SIR HOME RIGGS (1762-1820)
• POPHAM, SIR JOHN (c. 1531-1607)

Popham, 227 . ' Anne Hyde (1637-1671), eldest daughter of the chancellor, was the See also:

• MOTHER

mother by James of Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary and Queen Anne, besides six other See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, including four sons who all died in See also:

• INFANCY

infancy, She became a Roman Catholic in 167o shortly before her death, and was buried in the vault of Mary, queen of Scots, in Henry VII.'s See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey.moment by a common See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to the See also:

• THRONE

throne . Clarendon appears to have approved of comprehension but not of toleration . He had already in April 166o sent to discuss terms with the leading Presbyterians in England, and after the Restoration offered bishoprics to several, including See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BAXTER, ANDREW (1686-1750)
• BAXTER, RICHARD (1615-1691)
• BAXTER, ROBERT DUDLEY (1827-1875)
• BAXTER, WILLIAM (1650-1723)

Baxter . He drew up the royal declaration of October, promising limited episcopacy and a revised See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer-See also:

• BOOK

book and See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual, which was subsequently thrown out by parliament, and he appears to have anticipated some See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of settlement from the See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy See also:

• CONFERENCE

Conference which sat in April 1661 . The failure of the latter proved perhaps that the See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences were too great for compromise, and widened the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach . The parliament immediately proceeded to pass the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of narrow and tyrannical measures against the dissenters known as the Clarendon See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code . The Corporations See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, obliging members of corporations to denounce the See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

Covenant and take the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament according to the See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican usage, became law on the loth of December 1661, the Act of Uniformity enforcing the use of the prayer-book on ministers, as well as a declaration that it was unlawful to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear arms against the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, on the 19th of May 1662, and these were followed by the Conventicle Act in 1664 suppressing conventicles and by the Five-Mile Act in 1665 forbidding ministers who had refused subscription to the Act of Uniformity to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach or reside within 5 M. of a See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough . Clarendon appears to have reluctantly acquiesced in these civil measures rather than to have originated them, and to have endeavoured to mitigate their injustice and severity . He supported the continuance of the See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure by presbyterian ministers of livings not held by Anglicans and an See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment in the Lords allowing a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension to those deprived, earning the gratitude of Baxter and the nonconformists .

On the 17th of March 1662 he introduced into parliament a declaration enabling the king to dispense with the Act of Uniformity in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of ministers of merit.' But once committed to the narrow policy of intolerance, Clarendon was inevitably involved in all its consevences . His characteristic respect for the Iaw and constitution rendered him hostile to the general policy of See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence, which, though the favourite project of the king, he strongly opposed in the Lords, and in the end caused its withdrawal . He declared that he could have wished the law otherwise, " but when it was passed, he thought it absolutely necessary to see obedience paid to it without any connivance." 6 Charles was greatly angered . It was believed in May 1663 that the intrigues of Bennet and See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham, who seized the opportunity of ingratiating them-selves with the king by zealously supporting the indulgence, had secured Clarendon's dismissal, and in July Bristol ventured to accuse him of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason in the parliament; but the attack, which did not receive the king's support, failed entirely and only ended in the banishment from court of its See also:

• PROMOTER

promoter . Clarendon's opposition to the court policy in this way acquired a personal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and he was compelled to identify himself more completely with the intolerant measures of the House of Commons . Though not the