See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

PAUL See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• PAUL JEAN CLAYS (1819-1900)

CLAYS (1819-1900)  , Belgian artist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges in 1819, and died at See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels in 1900 . He was one of the most esteemed marine painters of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in his career he substituted a sincere study of nature for the extravagant and artificial conventionality of most of his predecessors . When he began to paint, the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea was considered by See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental artists as See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth representing only under its most tempestuous aspects . Artists cared only for the stirring See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama of See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm and See also:

• WRECK

wreck,and they clung still to the old-See also:

• WORLD

world tradition of the romantic school . See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

Clays was the first to appreciate the beauty of See also:

• CALM

calm See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters reflecting the slow procession of clouds, the glories of sunset See also:

• ILLUMINATING

illuminating the sails of See also:

• SHIPS

ships or See also:

• GILDING

gilding the tarred sides of heavy fishing-boats . He painted the peaceful See also:

• LIFE

life of See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, the See also:

• POETRY

poetry of wide estuaries, the regulated stir of roadsteads and ports . And while he thus See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke away from old traditions he also threw off the trammels imposed on him by his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, the marine painter See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore Gudin (1802–1880) . Endeavouring only to give truthful expression to the nature that delighted his eyes, he sought to render the limpid See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere, the See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of waters, the transparence of moist horizons, the See also:

• GEM (Lat. gemma, a bud,—from the root gen, meaning " to produce,"—or precious stone; in the latter sense the Greek term is > d>os)
• GEM, ARTIFICIAL

gem-like sparkle of the See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky . A See also:

• FLEMING, PAUL (1609-1640)
• FLEMING, RICHARD (d. 1431)
• FLEMING, SIR SANDFORD (1827- )
• FLEMING, SIR THOMAS (1S44-1613)

Fleming in his feeling for See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, he set his See also:

• PALETTE (the Fr. diminutive of pale, spade, blade of an oar, from Lat. Pala, spade, baker's shovel or peel; cf. pandere, to spread)

palette with clean strong hues, and their powerful harmonies were in striking contrast with the rusty, smoky tones then in favour . If he was not a " luminist " in the See also:

• MODERN

modern use of the word, he deserves at any See also:

• RATE

rate to be classed with the founders of the modern naturalistic school . This conscientious and healthy See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation, to which the artist remained faithful, without any important See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change, to the end of an unusually See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and laborious 'career, attracted those minds which aspired to be bold, and won over those which were moderate . Clays soon took his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the most famous Belgian painters of his See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation, and his pictures, sold at high prices, are to be seen in most public and private galleries .

We may mention, among others, " The See also:

• BEACH

Beach at Ault," " Boats in a Dutch See also:

• PORT

Port," and " Dutch Boats in the See also:

• FLUSHING
• FLUSHING (Dutch Vlissingen)

Flushing Roads," the last in the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery, See also:

• LONDON

London . In the Brussels gallery are " The Port of See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp," " See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast near See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

Ostend," and a " Calm on the See also:

• SCHELDT (Fr. Escaut, Flem. Schelde)

Scheldt "; in the Antwerp museum, " The See also:

• MEUSE
• MEUSE (Flem. Maes, Du. Maas)

Meuse at See also:

• DORDRECHT (abbreviated Dordt, or Dort)

Dordrecht "; in the Pinakothek at See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, " The Open See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Sea "; in the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan Museum of See also:

• FINE

Fine Arts, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, " The Festival of the Freedom of the Scheldt at Antwerp in 1863 "; in the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the Belgians, " Arrival of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria at Ostend in 1857 "; in the Bruges See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, " Port of Feirugudo, See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal." Clays was a member of several See also:

• ACADEMIES

Academies, Belgian and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign, and of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order of See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold, the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour, &c . See Camille See also:

• LEMONNIER, ANTOINE LOUIS CAMILLE (1844– )
• LEMONNIER, PIERRE CHARLES (1715—1799)

Lemonnier, Histoire See also:

• DES

des See also:

• BEAUX, CECILIA (1863– )

Beaux-Arts (Brussels, 1887) . (O .