CLEOMENES I  . was the son of Anaxandridas, whom he succeeded about 520 B.C . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief exploit was his crushing victory near See also:

• TIRYNS

Tiryns over the Argives, some 6000 of whom he burned to See also:

• DEATH

death in a sacred See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove to which they had fled for See also:

• REFUGE

refuge (See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus vi . 76-82) . This secured for See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta the undisputed See also:

• HEGEMONY (Gr. i7ye,uovia, leadership, from it-yo-Oat, to lead, the leadership especially of one particular state in a group of federated or loosely united states. The term was first applied in Greek history to the position claimed by different individual

hegemony of the Peloponnese . Cleomenes' interposition in the politics of central See also:

• GREECE

Greece was less successful . In 510 he marched to See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens with a Spartan force to aid in expelling the Peisistratidae, and subsequently returned to support the oligarchical party, led by Isagoras, against See also:

• CLEISTHENES

Cleisthenes (q.v.) . He expelled seven See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred families and transferred the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government from the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council to three hundred of the oligarchs, but being blockaded in the See also:

• ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

Acropolis he was forced to capitulate . On his return See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home he collected a large force with the intention of 3 Dom See also:

• CHAPMAN (from O. Eng. ceap, and Mid. Eng. ,heap, to barter, cf. " Cheapside " in London, and Ger. Kaufmann)
• CHAPMAN, GEORGE (? 1559–1634)

Chapman (ut supra, p . 158) says during the Neoplatonist reaction under See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian 361-363, to which See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he also assigns the Homilies.making Isagoras See also:

• DESPOT (Gr. Sc-va6rgs, lord or master; the origin of the first part of the Gr. word is unknown, the second part is cognate with rbvcs, husband, Lat. potens, powerful)

despot of Athens, but the opposition of the Corinthian See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies and of his colleague See also:

• DEMARATUS (Doric Aaµaparos, Ionic Arlµapi ros)

Demaratus caused the expedition to break up after reaching See also:

• ELEUSIS

Eleusis (See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod. v . 64-76; See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle, See also:

• ATH, or AATII

Ath . Pol . 19, 20) .

In 491 he went to See also:

• AEGINA
• AEGINA (EGINA or ENGIA)

Aegina to punish the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island for its submission to See also:

• DARIUS (Pers. Darayavaush; Old Test. Daryavesh)

Darius, but the intrigues of his colleague once again rendered his See also:

• MISSION

mission abortive . In revenge Cleomenes accused Demaratus of See also:

• ILLEGITIMACY (from " illegitimate," Lat. illegitimus, not in accordance with law, hence born out of lawful wedlock)

illegitimacy and secured his deposition in favour of See also:

• LEOTYCHIDES

Leotychides (Herod. vi . 50-73) . But when it was discovered that he had bribed the Delphian priestess to substantiate his See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge he was himself obliged to flee; he went first to See also:

• THESSALY

Thessaly and then to See also:

• ARCADIA

Arcadia, where he attempted to foment an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Spartan rising . About 488 B.C. he was recalled, but shortly afterwards, in a See also:

• FIT

fit of madness, he committed See also:

• SUICIDE (from Lat. sui, of oneself, and cidium, from cued ere, to kill)

suicide (Herod. vi . 74, 75) . Cleomenes seems to have received scant See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice at the hands of Herodotus or his informants, and See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias (iii . 3, 4) does little more than condense Herodotus's narrative . In spite of some failures, largely due to Demaratus's See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy, Cleomenes strengthened Sparta in the position, won during his. See also:

• FATHER

father's reign, of See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion and See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the Hellenic See also:

• RACE

race; it was to him, for example, that the Ionian cities of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor first applied for aid in their revolt against See also:

• PERSIA

Persia (Herod. v . 49-51) . For the See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

chronology see J . See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Hellenic Studies (1905), p .

193 if., who assigns the Argive expedition to the outset of the reign, whereas nearly all historians have dated it in or about 495 B.c .