See also:

• CLERFAYT (or CLAIRFAYT), FRANCOIS SEBASTIEN CHARLES JOSEPH DE CROIX, COUNT OF (1733-1798)

CLERFAYT (or CLAIRFAYT), See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS SEBASTIEN See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH DE CROIX, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT OF (1733-1798)  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, entered the Austrian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1753 . In the Seven Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he greatly distinguished himself, earning rapid promotion, and receiving the decoration of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa . At the conclusion of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, though still under See also:

• THIRTY

thirty, he was already a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel . During the outbreak of the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands in 1787, he was, as a Walloon by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, subjected to See also:

• GREAT

great pressure to induce him to abandon See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph II., but he resisted all overtures, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year went to the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish war in the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant field marshal . In an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent command See also:

• CLERFAYT (or CLAIRFAYT), FRANCOIS SEBASTIEN CHARLES JOSEPH DE CROIX, COUNT OF (1733-1798)

Clerfayt achieved great success, defeating the See also:

• TURKS

Turks at See also:

• MEHADIA

Mehadia and See also:

• CALAFAT

Calafat . In 1792, as one of the most distinguished of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's generals, he received the command of the Austrian contingent in the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick's army, and at Croix-sous-Bois his See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps inflicted a See also:

• REVERSE

reverse on the troops of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolution . In the Netherlands, to which See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter he was transferred after See also:

• JEMAPPES

Jemappes, he opened the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1793 with the victory of Aldenhoven and the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of See also:

• MAASTRICHT, or MAESTRICI3T

Maastricht, and on See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 18th mainly brought about the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete defeat of See also:

• DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANCOIS (1739—1823)

Dumouriez at See also:

• NEERWINDEN

Neerwinden . Later in the year, however, his victorious career was checked by the reverse at See also:

• WATTIGNIES

Wattignies, and in 1794 he was unsuccessful in See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders against See also:

• PICHEGRU, CHARLES (1761-1804)

Pichegru . In the course of the campaign Clerfayt succeeded the duke of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• COBURG

Coburg in the supreme command, but was quite unable to make See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head against the French, and had to recross the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine . In 1795, now field marshal, he commanded on the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle Rhine against See also:

• JOURDAN, JEAN BAPTISTE, COUNT (1762-1833)

Jourdan, and this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune of war changed . Jourdan was beaten at See also:

• HOCHST

Hochst and See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz brilliantly relieved . But the field marshal's See also:

• ACTION

action in concluding an See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice with the French not being approved by See also:

• THUGUT, JOHANN AMADEUS FRANCIS DE PAULA, BARON (1736–1818)

Thugut, he resigned the command, and became a member of the Aulic See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council in See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna .

He died in 1798 . A brave and skilful soldier, Clerfayt perhaps achieved more than any other Austrian See also:

• COMMANDER

commander (except the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles) in the hopeless struggle of small dynastic armies against a " nation in arms." See von Vivenot, Thugut, Clerfayt, and Wurmser (Vienna, 1869) .