See also:

• CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, formerly the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the duchy of its own name, 46 m . N.W. of See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf, 12 M . E. of See also:

• NIJMWEGEN, NIMEGUEN, NYMEGEN

Nijmwegen, on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne-See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam railway . Pop . (1900) 14,678 . The town is neatly built in the Dutch See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, lying on three small hills in a fertile See also:

• DISTRICT

district near the frontier of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, about 2 M. from the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, with which it is connected by a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal (the Spoykanal) . The old See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Schwanenburg (formerly the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of thedukes of See also:

• CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

Cleves), has a massive See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower (Schwanenturm) 180 ft. high . With it is associated the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend of the " Knights of the See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

Swan," immortalized in See also:

• WAGNER, ADOLF (1835- )
• WAGNER, RUDOLPH (1805-1864)
• WAGNER, WILHELM RICHARD (1813-1883)

Wagner's See also:

• LOHENGRIN

Lohengrin . The See also:

• BUILDING

building has been restored in See also:

• MODERN

modern times to serve as a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice and a See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . The collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church (Stiftskirche) See also:

• DATES

dates from about 1340, and contains a number of :See also:

• FINE

fine ducal monuments . Another church is the Annexkirche, formerly a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of the Minorites; this dates from the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief manufactures are boots and shoes, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco and machinery; there is also some See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle .

To the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city a large district is laid out as a See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park, where there is a statue to the memory of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice of See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau-See also:

• SIEGEN

Siegen (1604-1679), who governed Cleves from 165o to 1679, and in the western See also:

• PART

part there are See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells with a See also:

• PUMP

pump See also:

• ROOM

room and bathing See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment . Owing to the beautiful See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods which surround it and its medicinal See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters Cleves has become a favourite summer resort . The town was the seat of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Cleves as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the rrth century, but it did not receive municipal rights until 1242 . The duchy of Cleves, which See also:

• LAY

lay on both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Rhine and had an See also:

• AREA

area of about 85o sq. m., belonged before the See also:

• YEAR

year r000 to a certain Rutger, whose See also:

• FAMILY

family became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct in 1368 . It then passed to the counts of La Marck and was made a duchy in 1417, being See also:

• UNITED

united with the neighbouring duchies of See also:

• JULICH
• JULICH (Fr. fullers)

Julich and See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

Berg in 1521 . The See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation was introduced here in 1533, but it was not accepted by all the inhabitants . The See also:

• DEATH

death without See also:

• DIRECT

direct heirs of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke John See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William in 1609 led to serious complications in which almost all the states of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe were concerned; however, by the treaty of Xanten in 1614, Cleves passed to the elector of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, being afterwards incorporated with the electorate by the See also:

• GREAT

great elector, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick William . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French held Cleves from 1757 to 1762 and in 1795 the part of the duchy on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Rhine was ceded to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; the remaining portion suffered a similar See also:

• FATE

fate in 1805 . After the conclusion of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace in 1815 it was restored to Prussia, except some small portions which were given to the kingdom of Holland . See See also:

• CHAR (Salvelinus)

Char, Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Herzogtums Kleve (Cleves, 1845) ; Velsen, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Stadt Kleve (Cleves, 1846) ; R . See also:

• SCHOLTEN, JAN HENDRIK (181r-1885)

Scholten, Die Stadt Kleve (Cleves, 1899-1881) . For See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

ANNE OF CLEVES see that See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article .