CLIFFORD  , the name of a famous See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• FAMILY

family and See also:

• BARONY

barony, taken from the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Clifford in See also:

• HEREFORDSHIRE

Herefordshire, although the family were mainly associated with the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Clifford (c . 1275-1314), a son of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger de Clifford (d . 1282), inherited the estates of his grandfather, Roger de Clifford, in 1286; then he obtained through his See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• PART

part of the extensive See also:

• LAND

land of the Viponts, and thus became one of the most powerful barons of his See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . A prominent soldier during the reigns of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. and Edward II., Clifford was summoned to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as a See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron in 1299, won See also:

• GREAT

great renown at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Carlaverock See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle in 1300, and after taking part in the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement against Edward II.'s favourite, Piers See also:

• GAVESTON, PIERS (d. 1312)

GaveSton, was killed at See also:

• BANNOCKBURN

Bannockburn . His son Roger, the 2nd baron (1299-1322), shared in the See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, and was probably executed at See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York on the 23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1322 . Robert's See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson Roger, the 5th baron (1333-1389), and the latter's son Thomas, the 6th baron (c . 1363-c . 1391), served the English See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings on the Scottish See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders and elsewhere . The same is true of Thomas, the 8th baron (1414-1455), who was killed at the first See also:

• BATTLE

battle of St Albans in May 1455 . Thomas's son See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, the 9th baron (c . 1435-1461), was more famous .

During the See also:

• WARS

Wars of the See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

Roses he fought for See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VI., earning by his cruelties the name of the " See also:

• BUTCHER

butcher "; after thebattle of See also:

• WAKEFIELD
• WAKEFIELD, GILBERT (1756-1801)

Wakefield in 1460 he murdered See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund, earl of See also:

• RUTLAND
• RUTLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RUTLAND, JOHN JAMES ROBERT MANNERS, 7TH DUKE OF (1818-1906)

Rutland, son of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of York, exclaiming, according to the chronicler Edward See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, " By See also:

• GOD

God's See also:

• BLOOD

blood thy See also:

• FATHER

father slew mine; and so will I do thee and all thy See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin." See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare refers to this incident in See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Henry VI., and also represents Clifford as taking part in the See also:

• MURDER

murder of York . It is, however, practically certain that York was slain during the battle, and not afterwards like his son . Clifford was killed at Ferrybridge on the 28th of March 1461, and was afterwards attainted . His See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young son Henry, the loth baron (c . 1454-1523), lived disguised as a shepherd for some years, hence he is sometimes called the " shepherd See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord." On the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Henry VII. the See also:

• ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)

attainder was reversed and,he received his father's estates . He spent a large part of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at Barden in See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire, being interested in See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy and See also:

• ASTROLOGY

astrology . Occasionally, however, he visited See also:

• LONDON

London, and he fought at the battle of See also:

• FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

Flodden in 1513 . This lord, who died on the 23rd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1523, is celebrated by Words-See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth in the poems " The See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white doe of Rylstone " and " See also:

• SONG

Song at the feast of See also:

• BROUGHAM
• BROUGHAM, JOHN (1814-188o)

Brougham Castle." Henry, the rlth baron, was created earl of See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland in 1525, and from this time until the extinction of the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title in 1643 the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• LINE

line of the Cliffords was associated with the earldom of Cumberland (q.v.) . Richard Clifford, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester and London under Henry IV. and Henry V., was probably a member of this family . This See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate, who was very active at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance, died on the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1421 . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, 3rd earl of Cumberland, in 16o5, the barony of Clifford, separated from the earldom, was claimed by his daughter See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, countess of See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset, See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke and See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery; and in 1628 a new barony of Clifford was created in favour of Henry, afterwards 5th and last earl of Cumberland . After Anne's death in 1676 the claim to the older barony passed to her daughter See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret (d .

1676), wife of John Tuf ton, and earl of See also:

• THANET, ISLE OF

Thanet, and her descendants, whose title was definitely recognized in 1691 . After the Tuftons the barony was held with intervening abeyances by the Southwells and the Russells, and to this latter family the See also:

• PRESENT

present Lord De Clifford belongs.' When the last earl of Cumberland died in 1643 the newer barony of Clifford passed to his daughter See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, wife of Richard See also:

• BOYLE
• BOYLE, JOHN J
• BOYLE, ROBERT (1627-1691)

Boyle, -2nd earl of See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

Cork, and from the Boyles it passed to the Cavendishes, falling into See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance on the death of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CAVENDISH
• CAVENDISH, GEORGE (1500-1562?)
• CAVENDISH, HENRY (1731-1810)
• CAVENDISH, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1557)

Cavendish, 6th duke of See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire, in 1858 . The barony of Clifford of Lanesborough was held by the Boyles from 1644 to 1753, and the Devonshire See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the family still holds the barony of Clifford of Chudleigh, which was created in 1672 . See G . E . C(okayne), See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

Peerage (1887-1898) ; and T . D . See also:

• WHITAKER, JOSEPH (1820-1895)

Whitaker, See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• CRAVEN, PAULINE MARIE ARMANDE AGLAE (18o8—189r)
• CRAVEN, WILLIAM CRAVEN, EARL

Craven (1877) .