See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

BARON VON See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• BAPTISTE

BAPTISTE DU VAL DE See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

GRACE See also:

• BARON VON JEAN BAPTISTE DU VAL DE GRACE CLOOTS (1755–1794)

CLOOTS (1755–1794)  , better known as See also:

• ANACHARSIS

ANACHARSIS See also:

• CLOOTS, JEAN BAPTISTE DU VAL DE GRACE, BARON VON (1755–1794)

CLOOTS, a noteworthy figure in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near See also:

• CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

Cleves, at the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Gnadenthal . He belonged to a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Prussian See also:

• FAMILY

family of Dutch origin . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Cloots, See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, was sent at eleven years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete his See also:

• EDUCATION

education . There he imbibed the theories of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius de Pauw (1739-1799), philosopher, geographer and diplomatist at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great . His See also:

• FATHER

father placed him in the military See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, but he See also:

• LEFT

left it at the age of twenty and traversed See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching his revolutionary See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy as an apostle, and spending his See also:

• MONEY

money as a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure . On the breaking out of the Revolution he returned in 1789 to Paris, thinking the opportunity favourable for establishing his See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream of a universal family of nations . On the 19th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1790 he appeared at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar of the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-six foreigners; and, in the name of this " See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy of the human See also:

• RACE

race," declared that the See also:

• WORLD

world adhered to the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

Citizen . After this he was known as " the orator of the human race," by which See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title he called himself, dropping that of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron, and substituting for his baptismal names the See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym of Anacharsis, from the famous philosophical See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of the Abbe See also:

• JEAN

Jean Jacques See also:

• BARTHELEMY
• BARTHELEMY, ANATOLE
• BARTHELEMY, AUGUSTE MARSEILLE (1796–1867)
• BARTHELEMY, FRANCOIS, MARQUIS DE (1747 or 1750-1830)
• BARTHELEMY, JEAN JACQUES (1716–1795)

Barthelemy . In 1792 he placed 12,000 livres at the disposal of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic—" for the arming of See also:

• FORTY

forty or fifty fighters in the sacred cause of man against tyrants." The loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August impelled him to a still higher See also:

• FLIGHT

flight; he declared himself the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal enemy of Jesus See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, and abjured all revealed religions . In the same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he had the rights of citizenship conferred on him; and, having in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September been elected a member of the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention, he voted the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• DEATH

death in the name of the human race, and was an active See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of propaganda . Excluded at the instance of See also:

• ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre from the Jacobin See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club, he was soon afterwards implicated in an See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation levelled against the Hebertists . His innocence was See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest, .but he was condemned, and guillotined on the 24th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1794 .

Cloots' See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• WORKS

works are : La Certitude See also:

• DES

des preuves du mahometisme (See also:

• LONDON

London, 178o), published under the pseudonym of See also:

• ALI

Ali-Gur-Ber, in See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to Bergier's Certitude des preuves du christianisme; L'Orateur du genre humain, ou Depeches du Prussien Clouts au Prussien See also:

• HERZBERG

Herzberg (Paris, 1791), and La Republique universelle (1792) . The See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography of Cloots by G . Avenel (2 vols., Paris, 186) is too eulogistic . See the three articles by H . Baulig in La Revolution franiaise, t . 41 (1901) .