See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

ARTHUR See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

HUGH See also:

• CLOUGH, ANNE JEMIMA (182o-1892)
• ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH (1819-1861)

CLOUGH (1819-1861)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1819 . He came of a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Welsh stock by his See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler See also:

• CLOUGH, ANNE JEMIMA (182o-1892)
• CLOUGH, ARTHUR HUGH (1819-1861)

Clough, and of a See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire one by his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne Perfect . In 1822 his father, a See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, moved to the See also:

• UNITED

United States, and Clough's childhood was spent mainly at See also:

• CHARLESTON

Charleston, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina, much under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of his mother, a cultivated woman, full of moral and imaginative See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm . In 1828 the See also:

• FAMILY

family paid a visit to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and Clough was See also:

• LEFT

left at school at See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester, whence he passed in 1829 to See also:

• RUGBY

Rugby, thee under the sway of Dr See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold, whose strenuous views on See also:

• LIFE

life and See also:

• EDUCATION

education he accepted to the full . Cut off to a large degree from See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home relations, he passed a somewhat reserved and solitary boyhood, devoted to the well-being of the school and to See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LITERARY

literary efforts in the Rugby See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine . In 1836 his parents returned to Liverpool, and in 1837 he went with a scholarship to Balliol See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford . Here his contemporaries included See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• JOWETT, BENJAMIN (1817-1893)

Jowett, A . P . See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley, J . C . See also:

• SHAIRP, JOHN CAMPBELL (1819-1885)

Shairp, W . G .

See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

Ward, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple and See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew Arnold . Oxford, in 1837, was in the full swirl of the High See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement led by J . H . See also:

• NEWMAN, FRANCIS WILLIAM (1805-1897)
• NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY (1801-1890)

Newman . Clough was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time carried away by the See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood, and, although he recovered his See also:

• EQUILIBRIUM (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and libra, a balance)

equilibrium, it was not without an amount of See also:

• MENTAL

mental disturbance and an See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure of See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic time, which perhaps accounted for his failure to obtain more than a second class in his final examination . He missed a Balliol fellowship, but obtained one at See also:

• ORIEL
• ORIEL, JOHN FOSTER, BARON (1740-1828)

Oriel, with a tutorship, and lived the Oxford life of study, See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation, lectures and See also:

• READING

reading-parties for some years longer . Gradually, however, certain sceptical tendencies with regard to the current religious and social See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew upon him to such an extent as to render his position as an orthodox teacher of youth irksome, and in 1848 he resigned it . The immediate feeling of See also:

• RELIEF

relief showed itself in buoyant, if thoughtful, literature, and he published poems both new and old . Then he travelled, seeing See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in revolution and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, and in the autumn of 1849 took up new duties as See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of University See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, a See also:

• HOSTEL

hostel for students at University College, See also:

• LONDON

London . He soon found that he disliked London, in spite of the friendship of the Carlyles, nor did the See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere of See also:

• UNITARIANISM

Unitarianism prove any more See also:

• CON

con-genial than that of Anglicanism to his See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical and at bottom conservative See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper . A prospect of a See also:

• POST

post in See also:

• SYDNEY

Sydney led him to engage himself to See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• SHORE

Shore See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, and when it disappeared he left England in 1852, and went, encouraged by See also:

• EMERSON, RALPH WALDO (1803-1882)
• EMERSON, WILLIAM (1701-1782)

Emerson, to See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts . Here he remained some months, lecturing and translating See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch for the See also:

• BOOK

book-sellers, until in 1853 the offer of an examinership in the Education See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office brought him to London once more .

He married, and pursued a steady See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official career, diversified only by an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in 1856 as secretary to a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission sent to study certain aspects of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign military education . At this, as at every See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of his life, he enjoyed the warm respect and admiration of a small circle of See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, who learnt to look to him alike for unselfish sympathy and for spiritual and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom . In 186o his See also:

• HEALTH

health began to fail . He visited first See also:

• MALVERN

Malvern and See also:

• FRESHWATER

Freshwater, and then the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of recovery, and finally came to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, where he was struck down by See also:

• MALARIA

malaria and See also:

• PARALYSIS, or PALSY (from Gr. aapal,6a , to relax; Wycliffe has palesy, and another old form of the word is parlesy)

paralysis, and died on the 13th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1861 . Matthew Arnold wrote upon him the exquisite lament of Thyrsis . Shortly before he left Oxford, in the stress of the Irish See also:

• POTATO
• POTATO (Solanum tuberosum)

potato-H~ . See also:

• CLOVER

CLOVER 561 See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine, Clough wrote an ethical pamphlet addressed to the undergraduates, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, A See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

Consideration of Objections against the See also:

• RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an old form of retranchement, from retrancher, to cut down, cut short)

Retrenchment Association at Oxford (1847) . His Homeric See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral The Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich, afterwards rechristened Tober-na-Vuolich (1848), was inspired by a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long vacation after he had given up his tutorship, and is full of See also:

• SOCIALISM

socialism, reading-party humours and Scottish scenery . See also:

• AMBARVALIA

Ambarvalia (1849), published jointly with his friend Thomas Burbidge, contains shorter poems of various See also:

• DATES

dates from 184o, or earlier, onwards . Amours de Voyage, a novel in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, was written at Rome in 1849; Dipsychus, a rather amorphous See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire, at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 185o; and the idylls which make up Mari Magno, or Tales on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board, in 1861 . A few lyric and elegiac pieces, later in date than the Ambarvalia, See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale of Clough's See also:

• POETRY

poetry . His only considerable enterprise in See also:

• PROSE

prose was a revision of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of Plutarch by See also:

• DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1700)

Dryden and others, which occupied him from 1852, and was published as Plutarch's Lives (1859) .

No See also:

• PART

part of Clough's life was wholly given up to poetry, and he probably had not the See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of detachment necessary to produce See also:

• GREAT

great literature in the intervals of other occupations . He wrote but little, and even of that little there is a good See also:

• DEAL

deal which does not aim at the highest seriousness . He never became a great craftsman . A few of his best lyrics have a strength of See also:

• MELODY (Gr. ,ueXw3ia, a choral song, from name, tune, and gi6i, song)

melody to match their See also:

• DEPTH

depth of thought, but much of what he left consists of See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich ore too imperfectly fused to make a splendid or permanent See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession . Nevertheless, he is rightly regarded, like his friend Matthew Arnold, as one of the most typical English poets of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 19th century . His critical instincts and strong ethical temper brought him athwart the popular ideals of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day both in conduct and See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . His verse has upon it the See also:

• MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy and the perplexity of an See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of transition . He is a sceptic who by nature should have been with the believers . He stands between two worlds, watching one crumble behind him, and only able to look forward by the sternest exercise of faith to the reconstruction that lies ahead in the other . On the technical See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, Clough's See also:

• WORK

work is interesting to students of See also:

• METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre, owing to the experiments which he made, in the Bothie and elsewhere, with English hexameters and other types of verse formed upon classical See also:

• MODELS

models . Clough's Poems were collected, with a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short memoir by F . T .

See also:

• PALGRAVE, FRANCIS TURNER (1824-1897)
• PALGRAVE, SIR FRANCIS (1788-1861)

Palgrave, in 1862; and his Letters and Remains, with a longer memoir, were privately printed in 1865 . Both volumes were published together in 1869 and have been more than once reprinted . Another memoir is See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh Clough: A Monograph (1883), by S . See also:

• WADDINGTON, WILLIAM HENRY (1826–1894)

Waddington . Selections from the poems were made by Mrs Clough for the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• TREASURY

Treasury See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series in 1894, and by E . Rhys in 1896 . (E . K .