See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of See also:

• TACITUS, CORNELIUS (c. 55-120)
• TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS

Tacitus)  , the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVER

river of See also:

• LANARKSHIRE

Lanarkshire, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . It is also the name of the See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary which forms the largest and finest See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

firth on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . 1 . The River.—Daer See also:

• WATER

Water, rising in Gana See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill (2190 ft.) on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of Lanarkshire and See also:

• DUMFRIESSHIRE

Dumfriesshire, after a course of 10a m., and Potrail Water, rising 3 M. farther W. in the same hilly See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country (1928 ft.), after See also:

• RUNNING

running N.N.E. for 7 m., unite 31 m . S. of Elvanfoot to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde, of which they are the principal headstreams, though many See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

burns in these upland regions are also contributory . The old See also:

• RHYME

rhyme that " See also:

• ANNAN

Annan, See also:

• TWEED

Tweed and Clyde rise a' out o' ae hillside " is not true, for Little Clyde See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

Burn here referred to, rising in Clyde See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law (2190 ft.), is only an affluent and not a See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stream . From the junction of the Daer and Potrail the river pursues a direction mainly northwards for several See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles, winding eastwards around Tinto Hill, somewhat See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly to near Carstairs, where it follows a See also:

• SERPENTINE

serpentine course westwards and then southwards . From Harperfield, a point about 4 M. above See also:

• LANARK

Lanark, it assumes a north-westerly direction, which, roughly, it maintains for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of its course as a river, which is generally held to end at See also:

• DUMBARTON

Dumbarton, where it merges in the Firth . Its principal tributaries on the right are the Medwin (16 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long), entering near Carnwath, the See also:

• MOUSE

Mouse (15 m.), joining it at Lanark, the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• CALDER
• CALDER, SIR ROBERT

Calder (16 m.) above See also:

• BOTHWELL
• BOTHWELL, JAMES HEPBURN, 4TH EARL OF

Bothwell, the North Calder (12 m.) below Uddingston, the See also:

• KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMSON, BARON (1824-1907)

Kelvin (21 m.) at See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow, and the See also:

• LEVEN
• LEVEN, ALEXANDER LESLIE, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1580-1661)
• LEVEN, LOCH

Leven (7 m.) at Dumbarton . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• LEFT

left-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand affluents are the Elvan (8 m.), entering at Elvanfoot, the Duneaton (19 m.), joining a few miles above Roberton, the Garf (61 m.) below Lamington, the See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas (20 m.) above Bonnington, the Nethan (12 m.) at Crossford, the See also:

• AVON

Avon (28 m.) at See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, the Rotten Calder (10 m.) near See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton, and the See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

Cart (1 m.), formed by the junction of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Cart (9 m.) and the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Cart (19 m.), below See also:

• RENFREW

Renfrew . The See also:

• TOTAL

total length of the Clyde from the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Daer to Dumbarton is 106 m., and it drains an See also:

• AREA

area estimated at 1481sq. m . It is thus the third longest river in Scotland (being exceeded by the See also:

• SPEY

Spey and See also:

• TAY
• TAY, LOCH

Tay), but in respect of the See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries on its See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks, and its See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, it is one of the most important See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers in the See also:

• WORLD

world .

Near Lanark it is broken by the celebrated Falls, four in number, which are all found within a distance of 34 M . Bonnington Linn, the most graceful, 2 M. above Lanark, is divided into two parts by a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree-clad rocks in See also:

• MID

mid-stream, and has a height of 30 ft . From this spot the river runs for See also:

• HALF

half a mile through a rugged, red See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• GORGE

gorge till it reaches Corra Linn, the grandest of the Falls, where in three leaps, giving it the aspect of a splendid cascade, it makes a descent of 84 ft., which, however, it accomplishes during See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood at a single See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound . Almost m. below Corra Linn, Dundaff Linn is reached, a fall of only 10 ft . Farther down, 14 m. below Lanark, at Stonebyres Linn, reproducing the characteristic features of Corra Linn, the river descends in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary water in three leaps, and in flood in one bold drop of 8o ft . Within this space of 34 m. the river effects a total fall of 230 ft., or 611 ft. in the mile . From Stonebyres Linn to the sea the fall is practically 4 ft. in every mile . The chief villages and towns on or See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the river between its source and Glasgow are See also:

• CRAWFORD, EARLS OF
• CRAWFORD, FRANCIS MARION (1854–1909)
• CRAWFORD, THOMAS (1814–1857)
• CRAWFORD, WILLIAM HARRIS (1772–1834)

Crawford, Lamington, New Lanark, Lanark, Hamilton, Bothwell, See also:

• BLANTYRE
• BLANTYRE (Gaelic, " the warm retreat")

Blantyre and Uddingston . At See also:

• BOWLING (Lat. bulla, a globe, through O. Fr. boule, ball)

Bowling (pop. ro18)—the point of transhipment for the Forth and Clyde See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal—the river widens decidedly, the fairway being indicated by a stone See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall continued seawards as far as Dumbarton . Dunglass Point, near Bowling, is the western See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of the wall of See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus, or Grim's Dyke; and in the grounds of Dunglass See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, now a picturesque fragment, stands an See also:

• OBELISK (Gr. b/3EXivrcos, diminutive of OEMs, a spit)

obelisk to See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

Bell (1767-1830), the See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer of See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . As far down as the falls the Clyde remains a pure fishing stream, but from the point at which it begins to receive the varied See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, its water grows more and more contaminated, and at Glasgow the See also:

• WORK

work of pollution is completed . Towards the end of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the river was yet fordable at the Broomielaw in the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of Glasgow, but since that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, by unexampled enterprise and unstinted See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure of See also:

• MONEY

money, the stream has been converted into a waterway deep enough to allow liners and battleships to See also:

• ANCHOR (from the Greek ayrcvpa, which Vossius considers is from 6yi17 , a crook or hook)

anchor in the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour (see GLASGOW) .

Clydesdale, as the valley of the upper Clyde is called, begins in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district watered by headstreams of the river, the course of which in effect it follows as far as Bothwell, a distance of 50 M . It is renowned for its breed of cart-horses (specifically known as Clydesdales), its orchards, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market gardens, its See also:

• COAL

coal and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron mines . 2 . The Firth.—From Dumbarton, where the firth is commonly considered to begin, to Ailsa See also:

• CRAIG, JOHN (1512 ?-1600)
• CRAIG, SIR THOMAS (c. 1538–1608)

Craig, where it ends, the fairway See also:

• MEASURES

measures 64 m . Its width varies from 1 m. at Dumbarton to 37 M. from See also:

• GIRVAN

Girvan to the See also:

• MULL

Mull of Kintyre . The See also:

• DEPTH

depth varies from a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide minimum of 22 ft. in the navigable channel at Dumbarton to nearly See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo fathoms in the See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

Sound of See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute and at other points . The See also:

• CUMBRAES, THE

Cumbraes, Bute and See also:

• ARRAN
• ARRAN, EARLS OF

Arran are the principal islands in its See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters . The sea lochs all See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on the Highland See also:

• SHORE

shore, and comprise Gare See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch, Loch Long, Loch Goil, See also:

• HOLY

Holy Loch, Loch Striven, Loch Riddon and Loch See also:

• FYNE, LOCH

Fyne . The only rivers of any importance feeding the Firth are the See also:

• AYRSHIRE

Ayrshire streams, of which the chief are the Garnock, See also:

• IRVINE

Irvine, See also:

• AYR

Ayr, Doon and Girvan . The tide ascends above Glasgow, where its farther rise is barred by a See also:

• WEIR (from O. Eng. wer, a dam; cognate with werian, to defend, guard; cf. Ger. Wehr, defence)
• WEIR, ROBERT WALTER (1803-1889)

weir . The head-ports are Glasgow, See also:

• PORT

Port Glasgow, See also:

• GREENOCK

Greenock, See also:

• ARDROSSAN

Ardrossan, Irvine, See also:

• TROON

Troon, Ayr and See also:

• CAMPBELTOWN

Campbeltown . In addition to harbour See also:

• LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

lights, beacons on rocks, and See also:

• LIGHT

light-See also:

• SHIPS

ships, there are lighthouses on Ailsa Craig, Sanda, Davaar, Pladda, Holy Isle, and Little Cumbrae, and at Turnberry Point, See also:

• CLOTH

Cloth Point and Toward Point .

The See also:

• HEALTH

health and See also:

• HOLIDAY

holiday resorts on the lochs,' islands and mainland coast are numerous .