See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an See also:

• ADJECTIVE (from the Lat. adjectives, added)

adjective from the Hungarian See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century)  , a large See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage for passengers (see CARRIAGE) . As a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• TERM

term it is used (as in " See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach-See also:

• BUILDING

building ") for all carriages, and also in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination with qualifying attributes for particular forms (See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage-coach, See also:

• MAIL

mail-coach, See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning-coach, See also:

• HACKNEY
• HACKNEY (from Fr. haquenee, Lat. equus, an ambling horse or mare, especially for ladies to ride; the English " hack " is simply an abbreviation)

hackney-coach, &c.); but the typical coach involves four wheels, springs and a roof . The stage-coach, with seats outside and in, was, a public See also:

• CONVEYANCE

conveyance which was known in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England from the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and before See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways the stage-coaches had See also:

• REGULAR

regular routes (stages) all over the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country; through their carrying the mails (from 1784) the term " mail-coach " arose . Similar vehicles were used in See also:

• AMERICA

America and on the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent . The See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence, though not invariably with four horses, was the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

Continental analogue for public conveyance, with other See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor varieties such as the Stellwagen and Eilwagen . The See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving of coaches with four horses was a task in which a considerable amount of skill was required,' and See also:

• ENGLISH

English literature is full of the difficulties and humours of " the road " in old days . A See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport thus arose for enterprising members of the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility and gentry, and after the introduction of railways made the mail-coach obsolete as a See also:

• MATTER

matter of See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity, the old sport of coaching for See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure still survived, though only to a limited extent . The Four-in-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club was started in England in 1856 and the Coaching Club in 187o, as the successors of the old Bensington Driving Club (1807–1852), and Four-See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

Horse Club (1808–1829); and in America the New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York Coaching Club was founded in 1875 . But coaching remains the sport of the wealthier classes, although in various parts of England (e.g . See also:

• LONDON

London to See also:

• BRIGHTON

Brighton, and in the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• DISTRICT

district), in America, and in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, public coaches still have their regular times and routes for those who enjoy this form of travel . The earliest railway vehicles for passengers were merely the road coaches of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period adapted to run on rails, and the expression " coaching See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic " is still used in England to denote traffic carried in passenger trains . Of coaches possessing a See also:

• HISTORY

history the two best known in the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom are the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state coach, and that of the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of London .

The latter is the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest, having been built, or at least first used, for the procession of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Asgil, lord mayor elect, in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1757 . The See also:

• BODY

body of this vehicle is not supported by. springs, but hung on See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather straps; and the whole structure is very richly loaded with ornamental See also:

• CARVING

carving, See also:

• GILDING

gilding and paint-See also:

• WORK

work . The different panels and the doors contain various allegorical See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of figures representing suitable subjects, and heraldic devices painted in a spirited manner . The royal state coach, which is described as " the most superb carriage ever built," was designed by Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers, the paintings on it were executed by See also:

• CIPRIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1727-1785)

Cipriani, and The See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of " driving" was responsible for the use of the term " coach " and " coaching " to mean a See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor or trainer, for See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations or athletic contests.the work was completed in 1761 . During the later See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria's reign it was hardly ever seen, but on the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII. the coach was once more put in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order for use on state occasions . The following is an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official description of this famous coach: " The whole of the carriage and body fs richly ornamented with See also:

• LAUREL

laurel and carved work, beautifully gilt . The length, 24 ft.; width, 8 ft . 3 in.; height, 12 ft.; length of See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

pole, 12 ft . 4 in.; See also:

• WEIGHT

weight, 4 tons . The carriage and body of the coach is composed as follows: Of four large tritons, who support the body by four braces, covered with red See also:

• MOROCCO

morocco leather, and ornamented with gilt buckles, the two figures placed in front of the carriage See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear the See also:

• DRIVER, SAMUEL ROLLES (1846– )

driver, and are represented in the See also:

• ACTION

action of See also:

• DRAWING

drawing by cables extending See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round their shoulders, and the See also:

• CRANES (so called from the resemblance to the long neck of the bird, cf. Gr. 'y pavor, Fr. grue)

cranes and See also:

• SOUNDING (for derivation see SOUND above)

sounding shells to announce the approach of the monarch of the ocean; and those at the back carry the imperial See also:

• FASCES

fasces, topped with tridents . The driver's See also:

• FOOT

foot-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board is a large scallop See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell, ornamented with bunches of reeds and other marine See also:

• PLANTS

plants . The pole represents a bundle of lances; the splinter See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar is composed of a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich moulding, issuing from beneath a voluted shell, and each end terminating in the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• DOLPHIN

dolphin; and the wheels are imitated from those of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient triumphal See also:

• CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

chariot .

The body of the coach is composed of eight See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm-trees, which, branching out at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top, sustain the roof ; and four angular trees are loaded with trophies allusive to the victories obtained by See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain during the See also:

• LATE

late glorious See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, supported by four lions' heads . On the centre of the roof stand three boys, representing the genii of England, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, supporting the imperial See also:

• CROWN

crown of Great Britain, and holding in their hands the See also:

• SCEPTRE

sceptre, See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword of state, and ensigns of See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood ; their bodies are adorned with festoons of laurel, which fall from thence towards the four corners . The panels and doors are painted with appropriate emblematical devices, and the linings are of See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet See also:

• VELVET

velvet richly embossed with See also:

• NATIONAL

national emblems." See the See also:

• BADMINTON, or GREAT BADMINTON

Badminton Driving, by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BEAUFORT
• BEAUFORT, FRANCOIS DE VENDOME
• BEAUFORT, HENRY (c. 1377–1447)
• BEAUFORT, LOUIS DE (d. 1795)

Beaufort (1888); See also:

• ROGERS, HENRY DARWIN (18o8—1866)
• ROGERS, JAMES EDWIN THOROLD (1823-1890)
• ROGERS, JOHN (1627–c. 1665)
• ROGERS, JOHN (1829-1904)
• ROGERS, JOHN (c. 1500-1555)
• ROGERS, ROBERT (1727-1784?)
• ROGERS, S
• ROGERS, SAMUEL (1763-1855)
• ROGERS, WILLIAM (1819-1896)

Rogers's See also:

• MANUAL

Manual of Driving (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 1900) ; and " See also:

• NIMROD (-`s??, -i=s; Septuagint, Nef3pc5£: various reading in Gen. x. 8, Nef3p6av: Vulg. Nemrod)

Nimrod's " Essays on the Road (1876) .