COASTGUARD  , a See also:

• NAVAL

naval force maintained in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland to suppress See also:

• SMUGGLING

smuggling, aid shipwrecked vessels and serve as a reserve to the See also:

• NAVY

navy . The coastguard was originally designed to prevent smuggling . Before 1816 this See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty was entrusted to the See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue cutters, and to a See also:

• BODY

body of " See also:

• RIDING

riding See also:

• OFFICERS

officers," mounted men who were frequently supported by detachments of dragoons . The crews of the cutters and the riding officers were under the authority of the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in See also:

• LONDON

London, and were appointed by the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury . On the conclusion of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in 1815 it was resolved to take stricter precautions against smuggling . A " See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• BLOCKADE
• BLOCKADE (Fr. blocus, Ger. Blokade)

blockade " was established in See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent and See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex . The " See also:

• RAMILLIES

Ramillies " (74) was stationed in the See also:

• DOWNS

Downs and the " See also:

• HYPERION

Hyperion " (42) at See also:

• NEWHAVEN

Newhaven . A number of See also:

• HALF

half-pay naval lieutenants were appointed to these vessels, but were stationed with detachments of men and boats at the Martello towers erected along the coast as a See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence against See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French invasion . They were known as the " preventive See also:

• WATER

water guard " or the " preventive service." The crews of the boats were partly See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from the revenue cutters, and partly hired from among men of all trades . The " coast blockade " was extended to all parts of the coast . The revenue cutters and the riding officers continued to be employed, and the whole force was under the direction of the custom house . The whole was divided into districts under the command of naval officers .

In 1822 the elements of which the preventive water guard was composed were consolidated, and in 1829 it was ordered that only sailors or fishermen should be engaged as boatmen . In 183o the whole service consisted of 50 revenue cutters, See also:

• FINE

fine vessels of 150 and 200 tons, of the " preventive boats," and the riding officers . In 1831, during the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (1831–1899)
• GRAHAM, SIR JAMES ROBERT GEORGE
• GRAHAM, SYLVESTER (1794-1851)
• GRAHAM, THOMAS (1805-1869)

Graham, the service was transferred to the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, though the custom house See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag was used till 1857 . After 1840 the men were drilled "in the See also:

• COMMON

common formations," mainly with a view to being employed for the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and in support of the See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police, in See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of Chartist or other agitations . But in 1845 the first steps were taken to utilize the coastguard as a reserve to the navy . The boatmen were required to sign an engagement to serve in the navy if called upon . In May 1857 the service was transferred entirely to the admiralty, and the coastguard became a See also:

• PART

part of the navy, using the navy flag . The districts were placed under captains of the navy, known as See also:

• DISTRICT

district captains, in command of See also:

• SHIPS

ships stationed at points See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the coast . Since that See also:

• YEAR

year the coastguard has been recruited from the navy, and has been required to do See also:

• REGULAR

regular periods of See also:

• DRILL

drill at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, on terms laid down by the admiralty from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to time . It has, in fact, been a See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of naval reserve . The rise and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history of the coastguard are told in Smuggling Days and Smuggling Ways, by the Hon . See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry .N .

See also:

• SHORE

Shore, R.N., (London, 1892) . Its later history must be traced in the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's (and See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's) Regulations and Admiralty Instructions of successive years . (D .