See also:

• COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)

COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and fortress of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the Prussian See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

Province, 57 M . S.E. from See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne by See also:

• RAIL

rail, pleasantly situated on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Rhine at its confluence with the See also:

• MOSEL (Fr. Moselle)

Mosel, from which circumstance it derived its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient name Confluentes, of which See also:

• COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)

Coblenz is a corruption . Pop . (1885) 31,669; (1905) 53,902 . Its defensive See also:

• WORKS

works are extensive, and consist of strong See also:

• MODERN

modern forts crowning the hills encircling the See also:

• TOWN

town on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and of the citadel of See also:

• EHRENBREITSTEIN

Ehrenbreitstein (q.v.) on the opposite bank of the Rhine . The old city was triangular in shape, two sides being bounded by the Rhine and Mosel and the third by a See also:

• LINE

line of fortifications . The last were razed in 189o, and the town was permitted to expand in this direction . Immediately outside the former walls lies the new central railway station, in which is effected a junction of the Cologne-See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz railway with the strategical line See also:

• METZ

Metz-See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin . The Rhine is crossed by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of boats 485 yds. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, by an See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron bridge built for railway purposes in 1864, and, a mile above the town, by a beautiful bridge of two wide and lofty spans carrying the Berlin railway referred to . The Mosel is spanned by a See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic freestone bridge of 14 See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, erected in 1344, and also by a railway bridge . The city, down to 189o, consisted of the Altstadt (old city) and the See also:

• NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

Neustadt (new city) or Klemenstadt . Of these, the Altstadt is closely built and has only a few See also:

• FINE

fine streets and squares, while the Neustadt possesses numerous broad streets and a handsome frontage to the Rhine .

In the more ancient See also:

• PART

part of Coblenz are several buildings which have an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• INTEREST

interest . Prominent among these, near the point of confluence of the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, is the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• CASTOR

Castor, with four towers . The church was originally founded in 836 by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis the Pious, but the See also:

• PRESENT

present Romanesque See also:

• BUILDING

building was completed in 1208, the Gothic vaulted roof dating from 1498 . In front of the church of St Castor stands a See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain, erected by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in 1812, with an inscription to commemorate See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon's invasion of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . Not long after, the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian troops occupied Coblenz; and St See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

Priest, their See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, added in See also:

• IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

irony these words—" Vu et approuve See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par nous, Commandant Russe de la Ville de Coblence: Janvier ter, 1814." In this See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the town, too, is the Liebfrauenkirche, a fine church (See also:

• NAVE

nave 1250, See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir 1404–1431) with lofty See also:

• LATE

late Romanesque towers; the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors of See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier, erected in 1280, which now contains the municipal picture See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery; and the See also:

• FAMILY

family See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of the Metternichs, where See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Metternich, the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1773 . In the modern part of the town lies the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace (Residenzschloss), with one front looking towards the Rhine, the other into the Neustadt . It was built in 1778–1786 by See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement See also:

• WENCESLAUS (1361-1419)

Wenceslaus the last elector of Trier, and contains among other curiosities some fine See also:

• GOBELIN

Gobelin tapestries . From it some See also:

• PRETTY

pretty gardens and promenades (Kaiserin See also:

• AUGUSTA

Augusta Anlagen) stretch along the bank of the Rhine, and in them is a memorial to the poet Max von Schenkendorf . A fine statue to the empress Augusta, whose favourite See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence was Coblenz, stands in the Luisen-platz . But of all public memorials the most striking is the See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal equestrian statue of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William I., erected by the Rhine provinces in 1897, See also:

• STANDING

standing on a lofty and massive See also:

• PEDESTAL (Fr. piedestal, Ital. piedestallo, foot of a stall)

pedestal, at the point where the Rhine and Mosel meet . Coblenz has also handsome See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts, See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government buildings, a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, a museum of antiquities, a conservatory of See also:

• MUSIC

music, two high grade See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital and numerous charitable institutions . Coblenz is a See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal seat of the Mosel and Rhenish See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and also does a large business in the export of See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters .

Its manufactures include pianos, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, cardboard, machinery, boats and See also:

• BARGES

barges . It is an important transit centre for the Rhine See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways and for the Rhine See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . Coblenz (Confluentes, Covelenz, Cobelenz) was one of the military posts established by See also:

• DRUSUS, MARCUS LIVIUS
• DRUSUS, NERO1 CLAUDIUS (38–9 B.C.)

Drusus about 9 B.C . Later it was frequently the residence of the Frankish See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, and in 86o and 922 was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of ecclesiastical synods . At the former of these, held in the Liebfrauenkirche, took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the reconciliation of Louis the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German with his See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles the Bald . In 1or8 the city, after receiving a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, was given by the emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. to the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of Trier (Treves), and it remained in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the archbishop-electors till the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . In 1249–1254 it was surrounded with new walls by Archbishop See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold II . (of Isenburg); and it was partly to overawe the turbulent townsmen that successive See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-bishops built and strengthened the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein (q.v.) that dominates the city . As a member of the See also:

• LEAGUE

league of the Rhenish cities which took its rise in the 13th century, Coblenz attained to See also:

• GREAT

great prosperity; and it continued to advance till the disasters of the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War occasioned a rapid decline . After See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher, elector of Trier, had surrendered Ehrenbreitstein to the French the town received an imperial See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison (1632), which was soon, however, expelled by the Swedes . They in their turn handed the city over to the French, but the imperial forces succeeded in retaking it by See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm (1636) . In 1688 it was besieged by the French under See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal de BoufHers, but they only succeeded in bombarding the Altstadt into ruins, destroying among other buildings the old merchants' See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall (Kaufhaus), which was restored in its present See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in 1725 .

In 1786 the elector of Trier, Clement Wenceslaus of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, took up his residence in the town, and gave great assistance in its See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension and improvement; a few years later it became, through the invitation of his See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, Freiherr von Duminique, one of the principal See also:

• RENDEZVOUS

rendezvous of the French emigres . This See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew down upon the archbishop-elector the wrath of the French republicans; in 1794 Coblenz was taken by the Revolutionary See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under Marceau (who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell during the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege), and, after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• LUNEVILLE

Luneville, it was made the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of the Rhine and Mosel See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department (1798) . In 1814 it was occupied by the Russians, by the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna it was assigned to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, and in 1822 it was made the seat of government of the Rhine province . See See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel, Deutschland (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1895) ; W . A . See also:

• GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

Gunther, Geschichte der Stadt Koblenz (Cobl., 1815) ; and See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar, Urkunden and Akten zur Geschichte der Verfassung and Verwaltung der Stadt Koblenz bis zum Jahre 1500 (See also:

• BONN

Bonn, 1898) .