COCKPIT  , the See also:

• TERM

term originally for an enclosed See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in which the See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport of See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock-fighting (q.v.) was carried on . On the site of an old cockpit opposite See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall in See also:

• LONDON

London was a See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block of buildings used from the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century as offices by the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury and the privy See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, for which the old name survived till the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 19th century . The name was given also to a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre in London, built in the early See also:

• PART

part of the 17th century on the site of See also:

• DRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579)

Drury See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane theatre . As the place where the wounded in See also:

• BATTLE

battle were tended, or where the junior See also:

• OFFICERS

officers consorted, the term was also formerly applied to a See also:

• CABIN

cabin used for these purposes on the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• DECK

deck of a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man-of-See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . COCKROACH' . (Blattidae), a See also:

• FAMILY

family of orthopterous See also:

• INSECTS

insects, distinguished by their flattened bodies, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread-like antennae, and shining leathery integuments., Cockroaches are nocturnal creatures, secreting themselves in chinks and crevices about houses, issuing from their retreats when the See also:

• LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

lights are extinguished, and moving about with extraordinary rapidity in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food . They are voracious and omnivorous, devouring, or at least damaging, whatever comes in their way, for all the See also:

• SPECIES

species emit a disagreeable odour, which they communicate to whatever See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of food or clothing they may See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch . The See also:

• COMMON

common cockroach (Stilopyga orientalis) is not indigenous to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, but is believed to have been introduced from the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant in the cargoes of trading vessels . The wings in the male are shorter than the See also:

• BODY

body; in the See also:

• FEMALE

female they are rudimentary . The eggs, which are 16 in number, are deposited in a leathery See also:

• CAPSULE (from the Lat. capsula, a small box)

capsule fixed by a See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum-like substance to the See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen of the female, and thus carried about till the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young are ready to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape, when the capsule becomes softened by the emission of a fluid substance . The larvae are perfectly See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white at first and wingless, although in other respects not unlike their parents, but they are not mature insects until after the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth casting of the skin . The See also:

• AMERICAN

American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is larger than the former, and is not uncommon in See also:

• EUROPEAN

European. seaports trading with See also:

• AMERICA

America, being conveyed in cargoes of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and other food produce .

It is very abundant in the Zoological Gardens in London, where it occurs in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with a much smaller imported species Phyllodromia germanica, which may also be seen in some of the cheaper restaurants . In both of these species the See also:

• FEMALES

females, as well as the See also:

• MALES

males, are winged . In addition to these noxious and obtrusive forms, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England has a few indigenous species belonging to the genus Eclobia, which live under stones or fallen trees in See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods . The largest known species is the drummer of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies (Blabera gigantea), so called from the tapping See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise it makes on See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, sufficient, when joined in by several individuals, as usually happens, to break the slumbers of a See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household . It is about 2 in. long, with wings 3 in. in expanse, and forms one of the most See also:

• NOISOME

noisome and injurious of See also:

• INSECT

insect pests . Wingless females of many tropical species See also:

• PRESENT

present a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close superficial resemblance to woodlice; and one interesting apterous See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form known as Pseudoglomeris, from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies, is able to See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll up like a See also:

• MILLIPEDE

millipede . The best mode of destroying cockroaches is, when the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and The word is a corruption of Sp. cucaracha . In America it is commonly abbreviated to " See also:

• ROACH (Leuciscus rulilus)

roach."lights are extinguished at See also:

• NIGHT

night, to See also:

• LAY

lay some See also:

• TREACLE

treacle on a piece of wood afloat on a broad See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of See also:

• WATER

water . This proves a temptation to the See also:

• VERMIN (Fr. vermine, formed as if from Lat. verminus, vcrmis, a worm)

vermin too See also:

• GREAT

great to be resisted . The chinks and holes from which they issue should also be filled up with unslaked See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime, or painted with a mixture of See also:

• BORAX (sodium pyroborate or sodium biborate)

borax and heated See also:

• TURPENTINE (in M. Eng. turbentine, adapted through the O. Fr. turbentine or terebentine from Lat. terebinthina, sc. resina, resin of the terebinth, Gr. eepiOtvOos or eippavOos)

turpentine . See generally See also:

• MIALL, EDWARD (1809-1881)

Miall and Denny, The Structure and See also:

• LIFE

Life See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Cockroach (1887); G . H .

See also:

• CARPENTER, LANT (1780-1840)
• CARPENTER, MIRY (1807-1877)
• CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (1813-1885)

Carpenter, Insects: their Structure and Life (1899) ; See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Lester Marlatt, Household Insects (U.S . See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture, revised edition, 1902) ; See also:

• LELAND (LEYLAND Or LAYLONDE), JOHN (c. 1506-1552)
• LELAND, CHARLES GODFREY (1824-1903)
• LELAND, JOHN (1691–1766)

Leland See also:

• OSSIAN

Ossian See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard, The Insect See also:

• BOOK

Book (1902) . COCK'S-See also:

• COMB (a word common in various forms to Teut. languages, cf. Ger. Kamm, the Indo-Europ. origin of which is seen in yoµros, a peg or pin, and Sanskrit, gambhas, a tooth)

COMB, in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, a cultivated form of Celosia cristata (natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Amarantaceae), in which the inflorescence is monstrous, forming a See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat " fasciated " See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis bearing numerous small See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers . The plant is a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-growing herbaceous See also:

• ANNUAL

annual, bearing a large, comb-like, dark red, See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet or purplish See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of flowers . Seeds are sown in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March or See also:

• APRIL

April in pans of See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich, well-drained sandy See also:

• SOIL

soil, which are placed in a hot-See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed at 65° to 70° in a moist See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere . The seedlings require plenty of See also:

• LIGHT

light, and when large enough to handle are potted off and placed close to the See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass in a See also:

• FRAME

frame under similar conditions . When the heads show they are shifted into 5-in. pots, which are plunged to their rims in ashes or coco-See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut fibre refuse, in a hot-bed, as before, close to the glass; they are sparingly watered and more See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air admitted . The soil recommended is a See also:

• HALF

half-rich sandy See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam and half-rotten cow and See also:

• STABLE

stable manure mixed with a dash of See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand . The other species of Celosia cultivated are C. pyramidalis, with a pyramidal inflorescence, varying in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour in the great number of varieties, and C. argentea, with a dense white in-florescence . They require a similar cultural treatment to that given for C. cristata .