COGNAC  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of an See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• CHARENTE

Charente, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river Charente, 32 M . W. of See also:

• ANGOULEME
• ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650)

Angouleme on the Ouest-Etat railway, between Angouleme and See also:

• SAINTES

Saintes . Pop . (1906) 18,389 . The streets of the old town—which See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders the river—are narrow and tortuous, but the newer parts are well provided with open spaces . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of these is the beautiful See also:

• PARE, AMBROISE (1510-1590)

Pare See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois Ier overlooking the Charente . In one of the squares there is a statue of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I., who was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born here . The chief See also:

• BUILDING

building is a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century dedicated to St Leger, which preserves a See also:

• FINE

fine Romanesque See also:

• FACADE

facade and a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower of the 15th century . A See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of the 15th and 16th centuries, once the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Angouleme, now a storehouse for See also:

• BRANDY

brandy, and a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• GATE

gate stand in the older See also:

• PART

part of the town . Cognac is the seat of a subprefect and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade arbitrators, a chamber of commerce, and consulates of the See also:

• UNITED

United States, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . Its most important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is the See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation of the brandy (q.v.) to which the town gives its name . Large quantities are carried, by way of the river, to the neighbouring See also:

• PORT

port of Tonnay-Charente .

The See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries subsidiary to the brandy trade, such as the making of cases and bottles, occupy many hands . Ironware is also manufactured, and a considerable trade is maintained in See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle . In 1526 Cognac gave its name to a treaty concluded against See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. by Francis I., the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice and See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan . Its See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession was contested during the See also:

• WARS

wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, and in 1570 it became one of the Huguenot strongholds . In 1651 it successfully sustained a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege against See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis II., See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the See also:

• FRONDE, THE

Fronde . See Le Pays du Cognac, by L . Ravaz, for a description of the See also:

• DISTRICT

district and its viticulture .