See also:SIR See also:EDWARD See also:COKE (1552-1634)
, See also:English lawyer, was See also:born at Mileham, in See also:Norfolk, on the 1st of See also:February 1552
.
From the See also:grammar school of See also:Norwich he passed to Trinity See also:College, See also:Cam-See also:bridge; and in 1572 he entered See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn
.
In 1578 he was called to the See also:bar, and in the next See also:year he was chosen reader at See also:Lyon's Inn
.
His extensive and exact legal erudition, and the skill with which he argued the intricate See also:libel See also:case of See also:Lord See also:Cromwell (4 See also:Rep
.
13), and the celebrated real See also:property case of See also:Shelley (1 Rep
.
94, 104), soon brought him a practice never before equalled, and caused him to be universally recognized as thegreatest lawyer of his See also:day
.
In 1586 he was made See also:recorder of Norwich, and in 1592 recorder of See also:London, See also:solicitor-See also:general, and reader in the Inner See also:Temple
.
In 1593 he was returned as member of See also:parliament for his native See also:county, and also chosen See also:speaker of the See also:House of See also:Commons
.
In 1594 he was promoted to the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:attorney-general, despite the claims of See also:- BACON
- BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
- BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
- BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
- BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
- BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
- BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)
Bacon, who was warmly supported by the See also:earl of See also:Essex
.
As See also:crown lawyer his treatment of the accused was marked by more than the harshness and violence See also:common in his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time; and the fame of the victim has caused his behaviour in the trial of See also:Raleigh to be lastingly remembered against him
.
While the prisoner defended himself with the calmest dignity and self-See also:possession, See also:Coke burst into the bitterest invective, brutally addressing the See also:great courtier as if he had been a servant, in the phrase, See also:long remembered for its insolence and its utter injustice—" See also:Thou hast an English See also:face, but a See also:Spanish See also:heart!"
In 1582 Coke married the daughter of See also:John Paston, a See also:gentle-See also:man of See also:Suffolk, receiving with her a See also:fortune of £30,000; but in six months he was See also:left a widower
.
Shortly after he sought the See also:hand of See also:Lady See also:Elizabeth See also:Hatton, daughter of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas, second Lord See also:Burghley, and granddaughter of _the great See also:Cecil
.
Bacon was again his See also:rival, and again unsuccessfully; the wealthy See also:young widow became—not, it is said, to his future comfort—Coke's second wife,
In 16o6 Coke was made See also:chief See also:justice of the common pleas, but in 1613 he was removed to the office of chief justice of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's See also:bench, which gave him less opportunity of interfering with the See also:court
.
The See also:change, though it brought promotion in dignity, caused a diminution of income as well as of See also:power; but Coke received some See also:compensation in being appointed a member of the privy See also:council
.
The See also:independence of his conduct as a See also:judge, though not unmixed with the baser elements of See also:prejudice and vulgar love of authority, has partly earned forgiveness for the harshness which was so prominent in his sturdy See also:character
.
Full of an extreme reverence for the common See also:law which he knew so well, he defended it alike against the court of See also:chancery, the ecclesiastical courts, and the royal See also:prerogative
.
In a narrow spirit, and strongly influenced, no doubt, by his enmity to the See also:chancellor, Thomas See also:Egerton (Lord See also:Brackley), he sought to prevent the interference of the court of chancery with even the unjust decisions of the other courts
.
In the case of an See also:appeal from a See also:sentence given in the king's bench, he advised the victorious, but guilty, party to bring an See also:action of See also:praemunire against all those who had been concerned in the appeal, and his authority was stretched to the utmost to obtain the See also:verdict he desired
.
On the other hand, Coke has the See also:credit of having repeatedly braved the anger of the king
.
He freely gave his See also:opinion that the royal See also:proclamation cannot make that an offence which was not an offence before
.
An equally famous but less satisfactory instance occurred during the trial of See also:Edmund See also:Peacham, a divine in whose study a See also:sermon had been found containing libellous accusations against the king and the See also:government
.
There was nothing to give See also:colour to the See also:charge of high See also:treason with which he was charged, and the sermon had never been preached or published; yet Peacham was put to the See also:torture, and Bacon was ordered to confer with the See also:judges individually concerning the See also:matter
.
Coke declared such See also:conference to be illegal, and refused to give an opinion, except in See also:writing, and even then he seems to have said nothing decided
.
But the most remarkable case of all occurred in the next year (1616)
.
A trial was held before Coke in which one of the counsel denied the validity of a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant made by the king to the See also:bishop of See also:Lichfield of a See also:benefice to be held in commendam
.
See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, through Bacon, who was then attorney-general, commanded the chief justice to delay See also:judgment till he himself should discuss the question with the judges
.
At Coke's See also:request Bacon sent a See also:letter containing the same command to each of the judges, and Coke then obtained their signatures to a See also:paper declaring that the attorney-general's instructions were illegal, and that they were See also:bound to proceed with the case
.
His See also:Majesty expressed his displeasure, and summoned them before him in the council-chamber, where he insisted on his supreme prerogative, which,
he said, ought not to be discussed in See also:ordinary See also:argument
.
Upon this all the judges See also:fell on their knees, seeking See also:pardon for the See also:form of their letter; but Coke ventured to declare his continued belief in the See also:loyalty of its substance, and•when asked if he would in the future delay a case at the king's See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, the only reply he would vouchsafe was that he would do what became him as a judge
.
Soon after he was dismissed from all his offices on the following charges,—the concealment, as attorney-general, of a See also:bond belonging to the king, a charge which could not be proved, illegal interference with the court of chancery and disrespect to the king in the case of commendams
.
He was also ordered by the council to revise his See also:book of reports, which was said to contain many extravagant opinions (See also:June 1616)
.
Coke did not suffer these losses with See also:patience
.
He offered his daughter Frances, then little more than a See also:child, in See also:marriage to See also:Sir John See also:Villiers, See also:brother of the favourite See also:- BUCKINGHAM
- BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
- BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
- BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)
Buckingham
.
Her See also:mother, supported at first by her See also:husband's great rival and her own former suitor, Bacon, objected to the match, and placed her in concealment
.
But Coke discovered her hiding-See also:place; and she was forced to wed the man whom she declared that of all others she abhorred
.
The result was the See also:desertion of the husband and the fall of the wife
.
It is said, however, that after his daughter's public See also:penance in the See also:Savoy See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, Coke had heart enough to receive her back to the See also:home which he had forced her to leave
.
Almost all that he gained by his heartless See also:diplomacy was a seat in the council and in the See also:star-chamber
.
In 162o a new and more See also:honourable career opened for him
.
He was elected member of parliament for See also:Liskeard; and hence-forth he was one of the most prominent of the constitutional party
.
It was he who proposed a remonstrance against the growth of popery and the marriage of See also:Prince See also:Charles to the infanta of See also:Spain, and who led the Commons in the decisive step of entering on the See also:journal of the House the famous See also:petition of the 18th of See also:December 1621, insisting on the freedom of See also:parliamentary discussion, and the See also:liberty of speech of every individual member
.
In consequence, together with See also:Pym and Sir See also:Robert See also:Philips, he was thrown into confinement; and, when in the See also:August of the next year he was released, he was commanded to remain in his house at Stoke Poges during his Majesty's See also:pleasure
.
Of the first and second parliaments of Charles I
.
Coke was again a member
.
From the second he was excluded by being appointed See also:sheriff of See also:Buckinghamshire
.
In 1628 he was at once returned for both Buckinghamshire and Suffolk, and he took his seat for the former county
.
After rendering other valuable support to the popular cause, he took a most important See also:part in See also:drawing up the great Petition of Right
.
The last See also:act of his public career was to bewail with tears the ruin which he declared the See also:duke of Buckingham was bringing upon the See also:country
.
At the See also:close of the session he retired into private See also:life; and the six years that remained to him were spent in revising and improving the See also:works upon which, at least as much as upon his public career, his fame now rests
.
He died at Stoke Poges on the 3rd of See also:September 1634
.
Coke published Institutes (1628), of which the first is also known as Coke upon See also:Littleton; Reports (1600-1615), in thirteen parts; A See also:Treatise of See also:Bail and Mainprize (1635); The See also:Complete Copyholder (1630); A See also:Reading on Fines and Recoveries (1684)
.
See See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson, Life of Sir See also:Edward Coke (1837); H
.
W
.
Woolrych, The Life of Sir Edward Coke (1826); See also:Foss, Lives of the Judges; See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell, Lives of the Chief Justices; also ENGLISH LAW
.
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