GASPARD DE See also:

• GASPARD DE COLIGNY (1519-1572)

COLIGNY (1519-1572)  , See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, came of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy, who traced their descent from the rlth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and in the reign of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI. were in the service of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France . His See also:

• FATHER

father, Gaspard de See also:

• COLIGNY, GASPARD DE (1519-1572)

Coligny, known as the marechal de See also:

• CHATILLON

Chatillon (d . 1522), served in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• WARS

wars from 1495 to 1515, and was created See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of France in 1516 . By his wife, See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise de See also:

• MONTMORENCY
• MONTMORENCY, ANNE
• MONTMORENCY, MATHIEU JEAN FELICITE DE

Montmorency, See also:

• SISTER

sister of the future See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable, he had three sons: Odet, See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal de Chatillon; Gaspard, the admiral; and See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, seigneur d'Andelot; all of whom played an important See also:

• PART

part in the first See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . At twenty-two See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Gaspard came to See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and there contracted a friendship with Francis of See also:

• GUISE
• GUISE, HOUSE OF

Guise . In the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1543 Coligny distinguished himself greatly, and was wounded at the sieges of Montmedy and Bains . In 1544 he served in the Italian campaign under the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ENGHIEN
• ENGHIEN, LOUIS ANTOINE HENRI DE BOURBON

Enghien, and was knighted on the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of Ceresole . Returning to France, he took part in different military operations; and having been made See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry (See also:

• APRIL

April 1547), exhibited See also:

• GREAT

great capacity and intelligence as a military reformer . He was made admiral on the See also:

• DEATH

death of d'Annebaut (1552) . In 1557 he was entrusted with the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Quentin . In the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege he displayed great courage, See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution, and strength of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character; but the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was taken, and he was imprisoned in the stronghold of L'Ecluse . On See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of a See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom of 50,000 crowns he recovered his See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty .

But he had by this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time become a Huguenot, through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, d'Andelot—the first See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter which See also:

• CALVIN, JOHN (1509-1564)

Calvin addressed to him is dated the 4th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1558—and he busied himself secretly with protecting his co-religionists, a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of whom he sent to See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, whence they were afterwards expelled by the Portuguese . On the death of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. he placed himself, with Louis, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, in the front of his See also:

• SECT

sect, and demanded religious See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration and certain other reforms . In 156o, at the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly of Notables at See also:

• FONTAINEBLEAU

Fontainebleau, the hostility between Coligny and Francis of Guise See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke forth violently . When the See also:

• CIVIL

civil wars began in 1562, Coligny decided to take arms only after longhesitation, and he was always ready to negotiate . In none of these wars did he show See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, but he acted throughout with great prudence and extraordinary tenacity; he was " le heros de la mauvaise See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune." In 1569 the defeat and death of the prince of Conde at See also:

• JARNAC

Jarnac See also:

• LEFT

left him See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole leader of the Protestant armies . Victorious at Arnay-le-Duc, he obtained in 1570 the pacification of St Germain . Returning to the court in 1571, he See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew rapidly in favour with See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles XI . As a means of emancipating the king from the tutelage of his See also:

• MOTHER

mother and the See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction of the Guises, the admiral proposed to him a descent on See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, with an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from both sects and commanded by Charles in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . The king's regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the See also:

• HUGUENOTS

Huguenots, alarmed the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen-mother; and the See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew was the consequence . On the 22nd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1572 Coligny was shot in the See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street by Maurevel, a See also:

• BRAVO (Ital. for " brave ")

bravo in the pay of the queen-mother and Guise; the bullets, however, only tore a See also:

• FINGER

finger from his right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and shattered his left See also:

• ELBOW

elbow . The king visited him, but the queen-mother prevented all private intercourse between them . On the 24th of August, the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the massacre, he was attacked in his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and a servant of the duke of Guise, generally known as Besme, slew him and See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast him from a window into the courtyard at his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's feet .

His papers were seized and burned by the queen-mother; among them, according to Brant6me, was a See also:

• HISTORY

history of the civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, " tres-beau et tres-bien faict, et See also:

• DIGNE

digne d'estre imprime." By his wife, See also:

• CHARLOTTE

Charlotte de See also:

• LAVAL
• LAVAL, ANDRE DE, SEIGNEUR DE LOHEAC (c. 1408-1485)

Laval, Coligny nad several See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, among them being Louise, who married first Charles de See also:

• TELIGNY, CHARLES DE (c. 1535—1572)

Teligny and afterwards See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Silent, prince of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange, and Francis, admiral of See also:

• GUIENNE

Guienne, who was one of the devoted servants of Henry IV . Gaspard de Coligny (1584-1646), son of Francis, was marshal of France during the reign of Louis XIII . See See also:

• JEAN

Jean du .Bouchet, Preuves de l'histoire genealogique de l'illustre maison de Coligny (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1661); See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois See also:

• HOTMAN, FRANCOIS (1524-1590)

Hotman, 157 (See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, 1665) ; L . J . See also:

• DELABORDE, HENRI FRANCOIS, COUNT (1764-1833)

Delaborde, Gaspard de Coligny (1879-1882) ; Erich Marcks, Gaspard von Coligny, sewn Leben and das See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank,eich seiner Zeit (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1892): H . Patry, " Coligny et la Papaute," in the Bulletin du protestantisme See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais (1902); A . W . See also:

• WHITEHEAD, WILLIAM (1715-1785)

Whitehead, Gaspard de Coligny, Admiral of _France (1904); and C . Merki, L'Amiral de Coligny (1909) .