See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

ANTHONY See also:

• ANTHONY COLLINS (1676-1729)
• COLLINS, JOHN CHURTON (1848-1908)
• COLLINS, MORTIMER (1827-1876)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1721-1759)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1787–1847)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM WILKIE (1824–1889)

COLLINS (1676-1729)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English deist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Heston, near See also:

• HOUNSLOW

Hounslow in See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex, on the 21st of See also:

• JUNE

June 1676 . He was educated at See also:

• ETON

Eton and See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, and was for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a student at the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple . The most interesting See also:

• EPISODE

episode of his See also:

• LIFE

life was his intimacy with See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke, who in his letters speaks of him with See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection and admiration . In 1715 he settled in See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, where he held the offices of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace and See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant, which he had before held in Middlesex . He died at his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in Harley See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• LONDON

London, on the 13th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1729 . His writings are important as gathering together the results of previous English Freethinkers . The imperturbable See also:

• COURTESY (O. Fr. curtesie, later courtoisie)

courtesy of his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is in striking contrast to the violence of his opponents; and it must be remembered that, in spite of his unorthodoxy, he was not an atheist or even an agnostic . In his own words, "See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

Ignorance is the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

atheism, and freethinking the cure of it " (Discourse of Freethinking, 105): His first See also:

• WORK

work of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note was his See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay concerning the Use of See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

Reason in Propositions the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

Evidence whereof depends on Human Testimony (1707), in which he rejected the distinction between above reason and contrary to reason, and demanded that See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation should conform to See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's natural ideas of See also:

• GOD

God . Like all his See also:

• WORKS

works, it was published anonymously, although the identity of the author was never See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long concealed . Six years later appeared his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief work, A Discourse of Freethinking, occasioned by the Rise and Growth of a See also:

• SECT

Sect called Freethinkers (x713) . Notwithstanding the See also:

• AMBIGUITY (Fr. ambiguite, med. Lat. ambiguitas, from Lat. ambiguus, doubtful; ambi, both ways, agere, to drive)

ambiguity of its See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, and the fact that it attacks the priests of all churches without moderation, it contends for the most See also:

• PART

part, at least explicitly, for no more than must be admitted by every See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant . Freethinking is a right which cannot and must not be limited, for it is the only means of attaining to a knowledge of truth, it essentially contributes to the well-being of society, and it is not only permitted but enjoined by the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible .

In fact the first introduction of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity and the success of all missionary enterprise involve freethinking (in its etymological sense) on the part of those converted . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England this essay, which was regarded and treated as a plea for See also:

• DEISM (Lat. dens, god)

deism, made a See also:

• GREAT

great sensation, calling forth several replies, among others from See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• WHISTON, WILLIAM (1667-1752)

Whiston, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

Hare, Bishop See also:

• HOADLY, BENJAMIN (1676-1761)

Hoadly, and See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1662-1742)
• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1794-1871)

Bentley, who, under the See also:

• SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature of Phileleutherus Lipsiensis, roughly handles certain arguments carelessly expressed by See also:

• COLLINS, ANTHONY (1676-1729)
• COLLINS, JOHN CHURTON (1848-1908)
• COLLINS, MORTIMER (1827-1876)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1721-1759)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1787–1847)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM WILKIE (1824–1889)

Collins, but triumphs chiefly by an attack on trivial points of scholarship, his own pamphlet being by no means faultless in this very respect . See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

Swift also, being satirically referred to in the See also:

• BOOK

book, made it the subject of a See also:

• CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

caricature . In 1724 Collins published his Discourse of the Grounds and Reasons of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion, with An See also:

• APOLOGY (from Gr. &aoXoyia, defence)

Apology for See also:

• FREE

Free Debate and See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

Liberty of See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

Writing prefixed . Ostensibly it is written in opposition to Whiston's See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to show that the books of the Old Testament did originally contain prophecies of events in the New Testament See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, but that these had been eliminated or corrupted by the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, and to prove that the fulfilment of prophecy by the events of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's life is all " secondary, See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret, allegorical, and mystical," since the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original and literal reference is always to some other fact . Since, further, according to him the fulfilment of prophecy is the only valid See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of Christianity, he thus secretly aims a See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow at Christianity as a revelation . The canonicity of the New Testament he ventures openly to deny, on the ground that the See also:

• CANON

canon could be fixed only by men who were inspired . No less than See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-five answers were directed against this book, the most noteworthy of which were those of Bishop See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• CHANDLER, HENRY WILLIAM (1828-1889)
• CHANDLER, RICHARD (1738-1810)
• CHANDLER, SAMUEL (1693-1766)
• CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH (1813-1879)

Chandler, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur Sykes and See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke . To these, but with See also:

• SPECIAL

special reference to the work of Chandler, which maintained that a , number of prophecies were literally fulfilled in Christ, Collins replied by his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

Scheme of Literal Prophecy Considered (1727) . An appendix contends against Whiston that the book of See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel was forged in the time of See also:

• ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus Epiphanes (see DErsM) . In See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, Collins takes a foremost See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as a defender of Necessitarianism . His brief Inquiry Concerning Human Liberty (1715) has not been excelled, at all events in its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main outlines, as a statement of the determinist standpoint .

One of his arguments, however, calls for special See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism his assertion that it is self-evident that nothing that has a beginning can be without a cause is an unwarranted See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the very point at issue . He was attacked in an elaborate See also:

• TREATISE

treatise by Samuel Clarke, in whose See also:

• SYSTEM

system the freedom of the will is made essential to religion and morality . During Clarke's lifetime, fearing perhaps to be branded as an enemy of religion and morality, Collins made no reply, but in 1729 he published an See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer, entitled Liberty and See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

Necessity . Besides these works he wrote A See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter to Mr See also:

• DODWELL, EDWARD (1767-1832)
• DODWELL, HENRY (1641-1711)

Dodwell, arguing that it is conceivable that the soul maybe material, and, secondly, that if the soul be immaterial it does not follow, as Clarke had contended, that it is immortal; Vindication of the Divine Attributes (1710); Priestcraft in Perfection (1709), in which he asserts that the clause "the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . . . Faith" in the twentieth of the Thirty-nine Articles was inserted by See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud . See See also:

• KIPPIS, ANDREW (1725–1795)

Kippis, Biographia Britannica; G . See also:

• LECHLER, GOTTHARD VICTOR (1811–1888)

Lechler, Geschichte See also:

• DES

des englischen Deismus (1841); J . See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

Hunt, Religious Thought in England, ii . (1871); See also:

• LESLIE
• LESLIE, CHARLES (1650-1722)
• LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT (1794–1859)
• LESLIE, FRED [FREDERICK HOBSON] (1855–1892)
• LESLIE, SIR JOHN (1766-1832)
• LESLIE, THOMAS EDWARD CLIFFE (1827-1882)

Leslie See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen, English Thought in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century, i . (1881); A . W .

Benn, Hist. of English See also:

• RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

Rationalism in the 19th Century (London, 1906), vol. i. ch. iii . ; J . M . See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson, See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short See also:

• HISTORY

History of Freethought (London, 1906) ; and DEISM .