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COLOSSAE , once the See also: great city of See also: south-west See also: Phrygia, was situated on rising ground (1150 ft.) on -the See also: left See also: bank of the Lycus (Churuk Su), a tributary of the Maeander, at the upper end of a narrow See also: gorge 2 z M. long, where the See also: river runs between cliffs from 50 to 6o ft. high
.
It stood on the great See also: trade route from See also: Sardis to See also: Celaenae and See also: Iconium, and was a large, prosperous city (See also: Herod
.
30; See also: Xenophon, Anab. i
.
2, § 6), until it was ruined by the foundation of See also: Laodicea in a more advantageous position
.
The See also: town was celebrated for its wool, which was dyed a See also: purple colour called colossinus
.
Colossae was the seat of an early Christian See also: church, the result of St
See also: Paul's activity at See also: Ephesus, though perhaps actually founded by Epaphras
.
The church, to which St Paul wrote a letter, was mainly composed of mingled See also: Greek and Phrygian elements deeply imbued with fantastic and fanatical mysticism
.
Colossae lasted until the 7th and 8th centuries, when it was gradually deserted under pressure of the Arab invasions
.
Its place was taken by Khonae (Khonas)—a strong fortress on a rugged spur of Mt
.
Kadmus, 3 M. to the south, which became a place of importance during the See also: wars between the Byzantines and See also: Turks, and was the birthplace of the historian, Nicetas Khoniates
.
The worship of angels alluded to by St Paul (Col. ii
.
18), and condemned in the 4th century by a council at Laodicea, reappears in the later worship of St Michael, in whose honour a celebrated church, destroyed by the See also: Seljuks in the 12th century, was built on the right bank of the Lycus
.
See See also: Sir W
.
M
.
See also: Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. i
.
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