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COMMENTARII (Lat. = Gr. broµvijµara)

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 766 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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COMMENTARII (See also:Lat. = Gr. broµvijµara)  , notes to assist the memory, memoranda . This See also:original See also:idea of the word gave rise to a variety of meanings: notes and abstracts of speeches for the assistance of orators; See also:family memorials, the origin of many of the legends introduced into See also:early See also:Roman See also:history from a See also:desire to glorify a particular family; diaries of events occurring in their own circle kept by private individuals,—the See also:day-See also:book, See also:drawn up for Trimalchio in See also:Petronius (Satyricon, 53) by his actuarius (a slave to whom the See also:duty was specially assigned) is quoted as an example ; See also:memoirs of events in which they had taken See also:part drawn up by public men, such were the " Commentaries " of See also:Caesar on the Gallic and See also:Civil See also:wars, and of See also:Cicero on his consulship . Different departments of the imperial See also:administration and certain high functionaries kept records, which were under the See also:charge of an See also:official known as a commentariis (cf. a secretis, ab epistulis) . Municipal authorities also kept a See also:register of their official acts . The Comrne;;tarii Principis were the register of the official acts of the See also:emperor . They contained the decisions, favourable or unfavourable, in regard to certain citizens; accusations brought before him or ordered by him; lists of persons in See also:receipt of See also:special privileges . These must be distinguished from the See also:commentarii diurni, a daily See also:court-See also:journal . At a later See also:period records called ephemerides were kept by See also:order of the emperor; these were much used by the Scriptores Historiae Augustae (see AUGUSTAN HISTORY) . The Commentarii Senatus, only once mentioned (See also:Tacitus, See also:Annals, xv . 74) are probably identical with the ACTA SENATUS (q.v.) . There were also Commentarii of the priestly colleges: (a) Pontificum, collections of their decrees and responses for future reference, to be distinguished from their Annales, which were See also:historical records, and from their Acta, minutes of their meetings; (b) Augurum, similar collections of augural decrees and responses; (c) Decemvirorum; (d) Fratrum Arvalium . Like the priests, the magistrates also had similar notes, partly written by themselves, and partly records of which they formed the subject .

But practically nothing is known of these Commentarii Magistratuum . Mention should also be made of the Commentarii Regum, containing decrees concerning the functions and privileges of the See also:

kings, and forming a See also:record of the acts of the See also:king in his capacity of See also:priest . They were drawn up in historical times like the so-called leges regiae (See also:jus Papirianum), supposed to contain the decrees and decisions of the Roman kings . See the exhaustive See also:article by A. von Premerstein in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie (1901); See also:Teuffel-See also:Schwabe, Hist. of Roman Lit . (Eng. trans.), pp . 72, 77-79; and the concise See also:account by H . Thedenat in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire See also:des antiquitis .

End of Article: COMMENTARII (Lat. = Gr. broµvijµara)
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