See also:

• CONATION (from Lat. conari, to attempt, strive)

CONATION (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. conari, to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt, strive)  , a psycho-logical See also:

• TERM

term, originally chosen by 'See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton (Lectures on See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

Metaphysics, pp . 127 See also:

• FOIL

foil.), used generally of an attitude of mind involving a tendency to take See also:

• ACTION

action, e.g. when one decides to remove an See also:

• OBJECT

object which is causing a painful sensation, or to try to interrupt' an unpleasant See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train of thought . This use of the word tends to See also:

• LAY

lay emphasis on the mind as self-determined in relation to See also:

• EXTERNAL

external See also:

• OBJECTS

objects . Another less See also:

• COMMON

common use of the word is to describe the pleasant or painful sensations which accompany See also:

• MUSCULAR

muscular activity; the conative phenomena, thus regarded, are psychic changes brought about by external causes . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief difficulty in connexion with See also:

• CONATION (from Lat. conari, to attempt, strive)

Conation is that of distinguishing it from Feeling, a term of very vague significance both in technical and in common usage . Thus the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German psychologist F . See also:

• BRENTANO, KLEMENS (1778-1842)
• BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo]

Brentano holds that no real distinction can be made . He argues that the See also:

• MENTAL

mental See also:

• PROCESS

process from sorrow or dissatisfaction, through See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope for a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change and courage to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, up to the voluntary determination which issues in action, is a single homogeneous whole (Psycltologie, pp . 308-309) . The See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere fact, however, that the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series is continuous is no ground for not distinguishing its parts; if it were so, it would be impossible to distinguish by See also:

• SEPARATE

separate names the various See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours in the See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar spectrum, or indeed See also:

• PERCEPTION (from Lat. percipere, to perceive)

perception from conception . A more material objection, moreover, is that, in point of fact, the feeling of See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure or See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain roused by a given stimulus is specifically different from, and indeed may not be followed by, the determination to modify or remove it . Pleasure and pain, i.e. hedonic sensation per se, are essentially distinct from appetition and aversion; the pleasures of See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing See also:

• MUSIC

music or enjoying See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-shine are not in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general accompanied by any volitional activity .

It is true that painful sensations are generally accompanied by definite aversion or a tendency to take action, but the cases of See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive pleasure are amply sufficient to support a distinction . Therefore, though in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language such phrases as " feeling aversion " are quite legitimate, accurate See also:

• PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGY (>Guxrl, the mind or soul, and X yos, theory)

psychology compels us to confine " feeling " to states of consciousness in which no conative activity is See also:

• PRESENT

present, i.e. to the psychic phenomena of pleasure or pain considered in and by themselves . The study of such phenomena is specifically described as Hedonics (Gr. ikovn, pleasure) or Algedonics (Gr . 6.X•ynbeev, pain); the latter term was coined by H . R . See also:

• MARSHALL
• MARSHALL, ALFRED (1842– )
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1755–1835)
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1818-1891)
• MARSHALL, STEPHEN (c. 1594-1655)

Marshall (in Pain, Pleasure and See also:

• AESTHETICS

Aesthetics, 1894), but has not been generally used . The problem of conation is closely related to that of See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

Attention (q.v.), which indeed, regarded as active consciousness, implies conation (G . T . See also:

• LADD, GEORGE TRUMBULL (1842– )

Ladd, Psychology, 1894, p . 213) . Thus, whenever the mind deliberately focusses itself upon a particular object, there is implied a psychic effort (for the relation between Attention and Conation, see G . F .

Stout, See also:

• ANALYTIC (the adjective of " analysis," q.v.)

Analytic Psychology, bock i. See also:

• CHAP

chap. vi.) . All conscious action, and in a less degree even unconscious or reflex action, implies attention; when the mind" attends " to any given external object, the See also:

• ORGAN

organ through the See also:

• MEDIUM

medium of which See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information regarding that object is conveyed to the mind is set in See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion .