CONRAD (d. 955)  , surnamed the " Red," duke of Lorraine, was a son of a Franconian count named Werner, who had possessions on both banks of the Rhine . He rendered valuable assistance to the German king Otto, afterwards the emperor Otto the Great, and in 944 was made duke of Lorraine . In 947 he married Otto's daughter Liutgarde (d . 953), and afterwards took a prominent part in the struggle between Louis IV., king of France, and Hugh the Great, duke of Paris . He accompanied his father-in-law to Italy in 951, and when Otto returned to Germany in 952, Conrad remained behind as his representative and signed a treaty with Berengar IL, king of Italy, which brought about an estrangement between the German king and himself . He entered into alliance with his brother-in-law Ludolf, and taking up arms against Otto, seized the person of the king, afterwards resisting successfully an attack on Mainz . He' then ravaged the lands of his enemies in Lorraine; treated with the Magyars for support, but submitted to Otto in June 954, when he was deprived of his duchy, though permitted to retain his hereditary possessions . He was killed on the Lechfeld on the loth of August 955, while fighting loyally for Otto against the Magyars, and was buried at Worms . He left a son Otto, who was the grandfather of the emperor Conrad II . Conrad is greatly lauded for his valour by contemporary writers, and the historian Widukind speaks very highly of his qualities both of mind and of body . See Widukind, " Res gestae Saxonicae," in the Monumenta Germaniae historica . `Scriptures; Band iii .

(

Hanover and Berlin, 18a6–189a); W. von Giesebreeht, Gdschichte der deutschen Kai3erzeit (Leipzig, 1881) ; R . Kopke and E . Dummler, Jahrbitcher des deutschen Reichs unter Kaiser Otto I . (Leipzig, 1876) ; K . Kistler, Die Ungarnschlachtauf dem Lechfelde (Augsburg, 1884) . CONRAD OF MARBURG (c . 1180-1233), German inquisitor, was born probably at Marburg, and received a good education, possibly at the university of Bologna . It is not certain that he belonged to any of the religious orders, although he has been claimed both by the Franciscans and the Dominicans . Early in the 13th century he appears to have won some celebrity as a preacher, and in 1214 was commissioned by Pope Innocent III. to arouse interest in the proposed crusade . After continuing this work for two or three years Conrad vanishes from history until 1226, when he is found occupying a position of influence at the court of Louis IV., landgrave of Thuringia . He became confessor to the landgrave's wife St Elizabeth of Hungary (q.v.), and exercised the landgrave's rights of clerical patronage during his absence on crusade . In 1227 he was employed by Pope Gregory IX. to extirpate heresy in Germany, to denounce the marriage of the clergy, and to visit the monasteries .

He carried on the crusade against heretics with great ze21 in

Hesse and Thuringia, but especially in the district around the mouth of the Weser inhabited by a people called the Stedinger . In 1233 he accused Henry II., count of Sayn, of heresy, a charge which was indignantly repudiated . An assembly at Mainz of bishops and princes declared Henry innocent, but Conrad demanded that this sentence- should be reversed . This was his last work, for as he rode from Mainz he was murdered near Marburg on the 3oth of July 1233 . He left an Epistola ad papam de miraculis Sanctae Elisabethae,' which was first published at Cologne in 1653 . Conrad is chiefly known to English readers through Charles Kingsley's Saint's Tragedy, in which he is a prominent character . See E . L . T . Henke, Konrad von Marburg (Marburg, 1861), B . Kaltner, Konrad von Marburg and die Inquisition in Deutschland (Prague, 1882).; A . Hausrath, Der Ketzermeister Konrad von Mar-burg (Leipzig, 1883); J .

Beck, Konrad von Marburg (Breslau, 1871) .