HENDRIK See also:

• CONSCIENCE (Lat. con-scientia, literally " knowledge of a thing shared with another person " or " complete knowledge," and derivatively " consciousness in general)
• HENDRIK CONSCIENCE (1812-1883)

CONSCIENCE (1812-1883)  , Flemish writer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp on the 3rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1812 . Although he invariably signed his name Hendrik, his baptismal name was See also:

• HENRI

Henri . He was the son of a Frenchman, See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• CONSCIENCE (Lat. con-scientia, literally " knowledge of a thing shared with another person " or " complete knowledge," and derivatively " consciousness in general)
• CONSCIENCE, HENDRIK (1812-1883)

Conscience, from See also:

• BESANCON

Besancon, who had been chef de timonerie in the See also:

• NAVY

navy of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, and who was appointed under-harbourmaster at Antwerp in 1811, when that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city formed See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . Hendrik's See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a See also:

• FLEMING, PAUL (1609-1640)
• FLEMING, RICHARD (d. 1431)
• FLEMING, SIR SANDFORD (1827- )
• FLEMING, SIR THOMAS (1S44-1613)

Fleming, See also:

• CORNELIA (end cent. Bc.)

Cornelia Balieu . When, in 1815, the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French abandoned Antwerp after the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, they See also:

• LEFT

left Pierre Conscience behind them . He was a very See also:

• ECCENTRIC (from Gr. F,c, out of, and Kivrpov, centre)

eccentric See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, and he took up the business of buying and breaking-up worn-out vessels, of which the See also:

• PORT

port of Antwerp was full after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . The See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up in an old See also:

• SHOP

shop stocked with marine stores, to which the See also:

• FATHER

father afterwards added a collection of unsaleable books; among them were old romances which inflamed the See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy of the child . His mother died in 182o, and the boy and his younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother had no other See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion than their grim and somewhat sinister father . In 1826 Pierre Conscience married again, this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a widow much younger than himself, See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna Catherina Bogaerts . Hendrik had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before this See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed an insatiable See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for See also:

• READING

reading, and revelled all See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day long among the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient, torn and dusty tomes which passed through the See also:

• GARRET (from the O. Fr. garite, modern guerite, a watch-tower, connected ultimately with " guard " and " ward ")

garret of " The See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green Corner " on their way to destruction . Soon after his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage Pierre took a violent dislike to the See also:

• TOWN

town, sold the shop, and retired to that See also:

• KEMPEN

Kempen or Campine which Hendrik Conscience so of ten describes in his books—the desolate See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• LAND

land that stretches between Antwerp and Venloo . Here Pierre bought a little See also:

• FARM

farm, with a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round it, and here, while their father was buying See also:

• SHIPS

ships in distant havens, the boys would spend See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, and even months, with no companion but their stepmother .

At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventeen Hendrik left the paternal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in Kempen to become a See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in Antwerp, and to prosecute his studies, which were soon broken in upon by the revolution of 183o . He volunteered as a private in the new Belgian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and served in See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks at Venloo, and afterwards at Dendermonde, until 1837, when he retired with. the grade of sergeant-See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major . Thrown in this way with Flemings of every class, and made a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close observer of their See also:

• MENTAL

mental habits, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man formed the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing in the despised See also:

• IDIOM (Gr. t&%wµa, something peculiar and personal; lbws, one's own, personal)

idiom of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, an idiom which was then considered too vulgar to be spoken, and much less written in, by educated Belgians . Although, close by, across the See also:

• SCHELDT (Fr. Escaut, Flem. Schelde)

Scheldt, the Dutch possessed a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and honoured literature, many centuries old, written in a See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language scarcely to be distinguished from Flemish, a foolish See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice denied recognition to the language of the Flemish provinces of See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium . As a See also:

• MATTER

matter of fact, nothing had been written in it for many years, when the separation in 1831 served to make the chasm between the nations and the See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages one which could never be bridged over . It was therefore with the foresight of a See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet that Conscience wrote, in 183o itself, "I do not know how it is, but I confess I find in the real Flemish something indescribably romantic, mysterious, profound, energetic, even See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage . If I ever gain the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to write, I shall throw myself See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head over ears into Flemish See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition." His poems, however, written while he was a soldier, were all in French . He received no See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension when he was discharged, and going back idle to his father's house, he determined to do the impossible, and write a Flemish See also:

• BOOK

book for See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale . A passage in See also:

• GUICCIARDINI, FRANCESCO (1483-1540)

Guicciardini fired his fancy, and straightway he wrote off that See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of scenes in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of Dutch See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence which lives in Belgian literature under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of In't Wonderjaar 1566; this was published in See also:

• GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent in 1837 . His father thought it so vulgar of his son to write a book in Flemish that he turned him out of doors, and the celebrated novelist of the future started for Antwerp, with a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune which was strictly confined to two francs and a bundle of clothes . An old schoolfellow found him in the See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street and took him to his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home; and soon various See also:

• PEOPLE

people of position, amongst them the eminent painter, See also:

• WAPPERS, EGIDE CHARLES GUSTAVE, BARON (1803-1874)

Wappers, interested themselves in the brilliant and unfortunate young man . Wappers even gave him a suit of clothes, and presented him to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, who expressed a wish, which was not immediately carried out in consequence of some red tape, that the Wonderjaar should be added to the library of every Belgian school .

But it was under the patronage of See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold I. that Conscience published his second See also:

• WORK

work, Fantasy, in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, 1837 . A small See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in the provincial archives relieved him from the actual pressure of want, and in 1838 he made his first great success with the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• ROMANCE

romance called The See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion of See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, which still holds its See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as one of his masterpieces . To this followed How to become a Painter (1843), What a Mother can Suffer (1843), Siska See also:

• VAN

van Roosemaei (1844), Lambrecht Hensmans (1847), See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob van See also:

• ARTEVELDE, JACOB VAN (c. 1290-1345)
• ARTEVELDE, PHILIP VAN (c. 1340-1382)

Artevelde (1849), and The Conscript (185o) . During these years he lived a variegated existence, for some thirteen months actually as an under-gardener in a country house, but finally as secretary to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of See also:

• FINE

Fine Arts in Antwerp . It was long before the sale of his books, greatly praised but seldom bought, made him in any degree See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent . His ideas, however, began to be generally accepted . At a Flemish congress which met at Ghent so See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1841, the writings of Conscience were mentioned as the See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed which was most likely to yield a See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop of See also:

• NATIONAL

national literature . Accordingly the patriotic party undertook to encourage their circulation, and each fresh contribution from the See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen of Conscience was welcomed as an See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour to Belgium . In 1845 Conscience was made a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order of Leopold . To write in Flemish had now ceased to be regarded as a See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of vulgarity; on the contrary, the See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue of the See also:

• COMMON

common people became almost fashionable, and Flemish literature began to live . In 1845 Conscience published a See also:

• HISTORY

History of Belgium, but he was well advised to return to those exquisite pictures of Flemish home-See also:

• LIFE

life which must always See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the most valuable portion of his repertory . He was now at the height of his See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, and See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

Blind See also:

• ROSA, CARL AUGUST NICHOLAS (1843-1889)
• ROSA, MONTE
• ROSA, SALVATOR (1615-1673)

Rosa (185o), Rikketikketak (1851), The Decayed See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

Gentle-man (1851), and The See also:

• MISER

Miser (1853) See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank among the most important of the long See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his novels .

These had an instant effect upon contemporary fiction, and Conscience had many imitators . Nevertheless, not one of the latter has approached Conscience in popularity, or has deserved to approach him . In 1855 the earliest See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations of his tales began to appear in See also:

• ENGLISH

English, French, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian, and his fame became universal . In 1867 the See also:

• POST

post of keeper of the Royal Belgian museums was created, and this important See also:

• SINECURE (Lat. sine cura, without care)

sinecure was givento Conscience . He continued to produce novels with great regularity, and his See also:

• SEPARATE

separate publications amounted at last to nearly eighty in number . He was now the most eminent of the citizens of Antwerp, and his seventieth birthday was celebrated by public festivities . After a long illness he died, in his house in Antwerp, on the loth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1883; he was awarded a public funeral . The portraits of Conscience See also:

• PRESENT

present to us a countenance rather French than Flemish in type, with long smooth See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, contemplative dark eyes under heavy brows, a pointed See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose, and a humorous broad mouth; in See also:

• LATE

late life he wore the See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament of a long See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

beard . Whether the historical romances of Conscience will retain the enormous popularity which they have enjoyed is much less than certain, but far itiore likely to live are the novels in which he undertook to be the genre-painter of the life of his own day . In spite of too rhetorical a use of soliloquizing, and of a See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key of sentiment often pitched too high for See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste, the stories of Conscience are animated by a real spirit of genius, mildly lustrous, perhaps; rather than startlingly brilliant . Whatever glories may be in See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store for the literature of Flanders, Conscience is always sure of a distinguished place as its forerunner and its earliest classic . (E .