See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

CONSECRATION (See also:

• LAT

Lat. consecrallo, from See also:

• CON

con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")  , the separating or setting apart of certain persons, animals, things, places and seasons as sacred, so as to hallow and _sanctify them in themselves or adapt them to a religious rble and purpose . Thus we consecrate a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, a See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, a See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon; a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple or a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and any See also:

• PART

part of church See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture; we also consecrate See also:

• WATER

water for use in lustrations, See also:

• BREAD

bread and See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine in the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament; a See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season or See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day is consecrated, as a feast or fast . We consecrate ourselves either in a See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, as of See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism or ordination, vows or monkish See also:

• INITIATION (Lat. inilium, beginning, entrance, from mire, to go in)

initiation; or, without any implication of particular ceremonies, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man is said to consecrate himself to See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• WORKS

works or learning . The above are good senses of the word, but it is also used in the sense of devoting things and persons to destruction; and in this sense it is tantamount to cursing . Holiness is dangerous and may even involve degradation, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the Burmese See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

para-gyoon or servitor of the See also:

• PAGODA (Port. pagode, a word introduced in the 16th century by the early Portuguese adventurers in India, reproducing phonetically some native word, possibly Pers. but-kadah, a house for an idol, or some form of Sansk. bhagavat, divine, holy)

pagoda who is by See also:

• HEREDITY

heredity for ever a slave and outcast, unclean of the unclean, with whom none may eat or intermarry, yet ever tending and keeping clean the See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine . Particular sites, See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, springs, hills, meadows, caves, rocks, trees or groves, are See also:

• HOLY

holy and from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial have been so, as the natural homes or haunts of gods or See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits . Here See also:

• GOD

God has appeared to men, and will again . Such sites in the Old Testament were See also:

• HEBRON (mod. Khulzl er-Rahman, i.e. " the friend of the Merciful One "—an allusion to Abraham)

Hebron with its See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree, See also:

• SINAI

Sinai with its burning See also:

• BUSH

bush, See also:

• BETHEL (Heb. " House of God ")

Bethel, See also:

• SHECHEM (mod. Nablus)

Shechem, See also:

• BEERSHEBA

Beersheba, See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• GERIZIM

Gerizim . As a See also:

• RULE

rule their initial See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration goes back beyond memory and tradition; we can rarely seize it in the making, as in the case of a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman puteal, or spot struck by See also:

• LIGHTNING

lightning, which was walled See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round like a well (puteus) against profanation, being thenceforth a shrine of Semo Sancus, the god of lightning . In See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient society certain animals, See also:

• PLANTS

plants, kins, families, were also holy and See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound up with the god by See also:

• BLOOD

blood-ties or otherwise . A priestly See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin owned perhaps the spot haunted by the god, and so became holy . Plants and animals were often hallowed as totems (q.v.) .

Among the Australian natives we catch the consecrating agency at See also:

• WORK

work . Their babies are incarnations of spirits which quitted a bush or See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock passed by the mothers at the moment of conception . Each spirit, as it quits its nanja or natural haunt to enter the See also:

• MOTHER

mother, drops a churinga, a slab of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone or See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood marked with the See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child's totem and containing its spirit attributes . These are collected and treasured up for ever . We-also catch the god himself at the work of consecration in tales of voices heard from See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven or of birds alighting on favoured heads . In the See also:

• TALMUD

Talmud the See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice from heaven, called See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath Kol, attested See also:

• RABBI

Rabbi See also:

• HILLEL

Hillel, as he walked in See also:

• JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

Jericho, to be worthy of the holy spirit's descent and in-dwelling . At his baptism a See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

dove descended upon Jesus, and one quitted See also:

• POLYCARP (c. 6g-c. 155)

Polycarp's See also:

• BODY

body at the moment of his See also:

• DEATH

death . In See also:

• PHILO
• PHILO, HERENNIUS

Philo the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• PIGEON

pigeon symbolizes the holy spirit . A dove also descended out of a See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar of See also:

• LIGHT

light on the occasion of the baptism in See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan of the saintly See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Caesarea; and an See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle lit down upon King Tarquin . Most birds for the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive man are souls, and the Polynesians hold that birds convey from and into their idols the spirits which live therein . A natural consecration also hallows See also:

• OBJECTS

objects fallen from heaven, like the holy See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield of the Sabii, or the holy ikons or pictures " not made with hands " which abound in See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . In such cases the holiness or See also:

• TABOO (also written tapu and tabu)

taboo (q.v.) is traditional, or any-how not imparted at a given moment by human intervention .

The god has not been constrained or invited to enter in . The Fetish religions afford examples of such constraint or invitation . Spirits capable of being confined in See also:

• MATTER

matter and made useful are in various ways sung or coaxed into the tenements prepared for them . Thus a See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AFRICAN

African native who wants a suhman takes a rudely-cut wooden See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image or a stone, a See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root of a plant, or some red See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth placed in a See also:

• PAN (" pasturer ")
• PAN (common in various forms to many Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Pfanne; it is generally taken to be an early adaptation in a shortened form of Lat. patina, shallow bowl or dish, from patere, to lie open)

pan, and then he calls on a spirit of Sasabonsum (" a genus of deities, every member of which possesses identical characteristics ") to enter the See also:

• OBJECT

object prepared, promising it offerings and See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship . If a spirit consents to take up its See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in the object, a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hissing See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound is heard, and the suhman is See also:

• COMPLETE

complete . It receives a small portion of the daily See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food of its owner, and is treated with reverence, and mainly used to bring evil on some one else.' This is a typical case of a human consecration . Invocation of a name, with See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice and See also:

• ANOINTING

anointing, consecrated the Semitic massebas or nosbs,—erect pillars of stone ' From A . B . See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis, The Tshi-s peaking Peoples of the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast (1887), cited in A . C . Haddon's Fetichism and Magic.in which the godreally lived, and which were no See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere images or symbols of him . Two such still remain hard by the ruins of the royal See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary of See also:

• EDOM

Edom, overlooking See also:

• PETRA (r)

Petra, and are obelisks in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, 18 ft. high .

They were usually set up under a holy tree to commemorate a divine See also:

• EPIPHANY, FEAST OF

epiphany and were mostly unwrought . (Exod. xx . 25), lest the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of human craftsman should intro-duce another numen or divine See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power than what the votaries wished to See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant them . The consecration consisted of a smearing with See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat of victims or with oil of See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable offering (Gen. See also:

• XXVIII

xxviii . 18), and the See also:

• LIFE

life or soul inherent in these passed into the stone . Such stones were See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar objects 111 the streets of an old See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, where See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus (Characters, ch . 16) saw the " superstitious " man, as he passed by, take out his phial of oil, pour it over them, and kneel down before them to say his prayers . In a See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street of See also:

• BENARES

Benares similar devotions meet the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye, as dainty maidens pour out phials of holy water over erect stones of the same obscene See also:

• PATTERN

pattern that was See also:

• COMMON

common also in See also:

• GREECE

Greece and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . The Semitic word for a stone tenanted by the numen was Beth-el, See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of god, in Greek abrvXor . It was often small and See also:

• PORT

port-able, and known as a " stone ensouled." Such stone pillars were usually two in number, as in See also:

• SOLOMON, ODES OF
• SOLOMON, PSALMS OF

Solomon's temple (i See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings vii . 15, 2 i) or in Melkarth's shrine at See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre, described by See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus (ii . 44) .

Sometimes twelve stood together, e.g. in Jos. iv . 20 and Exod. See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 4, which passages may have suggested that Armenian rite of See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding a church, in which we See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness the transition from a See also:

• STONEHENGE (Sax. Slanhengist, hanging stones)

stonehenge to a church See also:

• BUILDING

building . The bishop and See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy choose a suitable spot, and erect twelve large stones unwrought and unpolished around the central rock of the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, and on these the walls of the church are laid . In See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia and the See also:

• CAUCASUS

Caucasus the cult of such sacred trees and pillars passed without break into that of the See also:

• CROSS

cross, which was hallowed as follows . By popular preference made of the wood of a sacred tree, it was brought into church, and washed first with water and then with wine, or anciently perhaps with blood of a victim . The See also:

• PEOPLE

people pray "for the sending of the See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of the Holy Spirit into this image of the holy cross "; the priest that God will " send the grace of His all-powerful and uplifted See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm " into the holy oil, with which he then makes the sign of the cross first on the eye and afterwards on the four wings of the cross, saying: " May this cross be blessed, anointed and hallowed in the name of See also:

• FATHER

Father and Son and Holy Spirit." He then See also:

• LAYS

lays his right hand on it and ordains it, with the See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer: " See also:

• LAY

Lay, 0 See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord, Thy holy hand upon this See also:

• EMBLEM (Gr. Eµ3Xysa, something put in or inserted, from EµfiiXAew, to throw in)

emblem of the cross and bless it." The people See also:

• KISS

kiss the cross and See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow down to it; and ever after See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's spirit is enshrined in it; it See also:

• CURES

cures disease, drives off demons, and wards off See also:

• WIND
• WIND (a common Teut. word, cognate with Skt. vats, Lat. ventus, cf. " weather," to be of course distinguished from to " wind," to coil or twist, O.Eng. windan, cf. "wander," "wend," &c.)

wind and See also:

• HAIL (O. Eng. kcegl and hagol, 1 cf. the cognate Teutonic hagel, as in German, Dutch, Swedish, &c.; the Gr. K&XX17E, pebble, is probably allied)

hail . See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

Animal victims are sacrificed before it, as in old days before the sacred See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

pole or pillar, and it is worshipped and adored . He that See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

dies in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of it is a holy See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr . Thus Christ ousted in the See also:

• STOCKS

stocks and stones the old evil spirits that tenanted them, and took their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Among the Greeks cruciform shape sufficed of itself to hallow wood or stone . In See also:

• HINDUISM

Hinduism the various implements of sacrifice are similarly personified and worshipped, especially the sacrificial See also:

• POST

post to which the victim is bound, and which, under the name of vanaspati and svaru, is deified and invoked .

It is a survival of tree-worship and comparable- to the Semitic ashera . The Rigveda (3, 8) describes it as a tree well lopped with See also:

• AXE (0. Eng. aex; a word common, in different forms, in the Teutonic languages, and akin to the Greek 41v17; the New English Dictionary prefers the spelling " ax ")

axe, anointed and adorned by the priest . Such a post set up by the priests is a god, is thrice anointed with See also:

• GHEE (Hindostani ghi)

ghee (or holy See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter), and being set up beside the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire is invoked to let the offering go up to the gods .2 It is not always easy to markoff consecration from See also:

• INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

inspiration . Thus in New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand " a priest by repeating charms can cause the spirit to enter into the idol . . . it is the same atua or spirit which will at times enter not the image but the priest himself, throw him into See also:

• CONVULSIONS

convulsions and deliver oracles through him." a It is, however, best to restrict the See also:

• TERM

term " consecration " to cases where the spirit falls on a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, not automatically or unexpectedly, but by invitation, in response to prayer, through laying-on of hands and greasing, after a formal fast, continence, ritual 2 " Vedic See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

Mythology," by A . A . MacdonnelI, in Grundris der indo-arischen Philologie (See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, 1897) . 2 See also:

• TYLER
• TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
• TYLER, MOSES COIT (1835—1900)
• TYLER, WAT [or WALTER] (d. 1381)

Tyler, Primitive Culture, ii . 174 . washing, and so forth . Thus in r Sam. x., See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel ordaining See also:

• SAUL (Heb. shd'ul, " asked ")

Saul " took the vial of oil and poured it upon his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and kissed him," and soon afterwards ".God gave Saul another See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart "; so that when he met the See also:

• BAND

band of prophets the contagion:flew from them to him; and the spirit of God came mightily upon him, and he prophesied. among them." The. recognized modes of communicating the afflatus, power or numen to a person or thing to be consecrated are many, and only a few can be enumerated . (I) Blowing .

The risen Jesus (See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John xx . 22) breathed on his disciples and said, " Receive ye the Holy See also:

• GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost." The Roman priest, in consecrating the water of the See also:

• FONT (Lat. fans, " fountain " or " spring," Ital. fonte, Fr. les fonts)

font for baptism, .blows over it and signs it twice with the cross . He also begins the rite of baptism by blowing in the See also:

• CATECHUMEN (Lat. catechumenus, Gr. KarnXouµevos, instructed, from Kar17)(6v, to teach orally)

catechumen's See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face . In the rite of laying hands on an elect the bishop of the Armenian See also:

• PAULICIANS

Paulicians blows three times in the face of the newly ordained . The impure spirit is blown out and the pure blown in . (2) Laying-on of hands . The particular persons whose virtue is to be transmitted lay their hands on the head or shoulders of the consecrand, e.g. three bishops in episcopal consecration . (3) See also:

• BRANDING (from Teutonic brinnan, to burn)

Branding or See also:

• SIGNING

signing the person, especially on the forehead, with the sacred emblem . So a See also:

• HINDU

Hindu paints his See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste emblem on his forehead, and a fugitive slave in ancient See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, once marked with sacred stigmata in a temple, could not be reclaimed by the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master . He belonged to the god . Roman recruits when they took the sacramentum, or See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of fealty, were tattooed with the "sign " or See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal." So in See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian initiations the sign of the cross is made on the brow, and in See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

Revelation the redeemed are so marked . Mexican peasants regularly paint or See also:

• TATTOO

tattoo a cross on their foreheads, and the old Armenian See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent for destiny or See also:

• FATE

fate is cakatagir or forehead-See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing .

An inanimate object is similarly consecrated . The " soldiers " of See also:

• MITHRAS

Mithras, says See also:

• TERTULLIAN (c. 155-c. 222)

Tertullian, were signed or sealed on their foreheads . (4) Use of a name . The invocation of a powerful name over a thing or person brings him or it within its See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, and actually communicates thereto the demoniac or supernatural power wielded by the owner of the name . Amulets, See also:

• SEALS

seals, talismans, See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics, See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear or See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose rings stamped with divine emblems or otherwise hallowed, communicate their holiness to the wearers and protect from the Adversary . See also:

• PERSONAL

Personal ornaments and decorations of dwellings, furniture, vehicles and pottery had once a consecrating, or—what often comes to the same thing—a prophylactic value and significance . Mutilations, such as See also:

• CIRCUMCISION (Lat. circum, round, and caedere, to cut)

circumcision, violation of chastity in the case of maidens hallowed to certain gods, ritual cutting of See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair and nails, and their deposition in a sanctuary, rather belong to the See also:

• CATEGORY (Gr. Karrlyopia, " accusation ")

category of sacrifice, as also the See also:

• BURIAL

burial of a living victim under the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of a new building or See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge (see SACRIFICE) . Cursing is, equally with consecration, a taboo imposed on a thing or person . It may be noted in consecration how nicely the taboo or contagion, whether of holiness or unholiness, can be localized . An Arab's curse is escaped by falling See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat on the face, for it then shoots over the head; and recently the following case was referred from See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CANADA

Canada before the judicial See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the privy See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . A man buried his wife in a See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot he had bought in a See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery . Presently he died also, but without the sacraments, for he had changed his See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion .

His executors ignored the protests of the Catholic clergy and buried him in the same See also:

• GRAVE

grave . Ultimately the bishop of See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec, unable to get a See also:

• MANDAMUS, WRIT OF

mandamus from the See also:

• ENGLISH

English privy council to dig him up, solemnly deconsecrated the ground down to the estimated See also:

• DEPTH

depth of the lid of the wife's See also:

• COFFIN (from Lat. cophinus, Gr. K64wos, a coffer, chest or basket, but never meaning " coffin " in its present sense)

coffin . The use of specially consecrating cemeteries among Christians is first mentioned by See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of See also:

• TOURS

Tours (c . 570) ; but under the Roman See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law they had, like those of the Pagans, been held inviolable by See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan emperors like See also:

• GORDIAN, or GORDIANUS

Gordian and See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian and defined as " res religioni destinatae See also:

• QUIN, JAMES (1693—1766)

quin immo (lam) religionis effectae " (See also:

• COD

Cod . See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin, See also:

• LIB

lib. ix. tit . 19) . Lastly, a classical mode of consecrating persons, or winning or reinforcing their holiness or kinship with the god, is the sacrificial See also:

• MEAL

meal at which sacred animals or the god himself are eaten . (See SACRAMENT and SACRIFICE.) Consecration is so frequently the counterpart of See also:

• PURIFICATION

PURIFICATION that the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article thereon should be read in connexion with this . For the consecration of bishops, see BISHOP; for that of churches, See See also:

• DEDICATION (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce)

DEDICATION .