See also:

• CONSISTORY (Lat. consistorium, literally, a standing place, hence meeting place, waiting or audience chamber)

CONSISTORY (See also:

• LAT

Lat. consistorium, literally, a See also:

• STANDING

standing See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, hence See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting place, waiting or See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience chamber)  , a See also:

• TERM

term which, like many other expressions, has undergone a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution in the course of centuries . It was first applied to the See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience-chamber in which the emperors received petitions and gave See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment; it soon came to mean also the persons who took See also:

• PART

part in the deliberation, and, by an See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of meaning, a tribunalor See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction (see Du Cange, Glossarium, s.v.) . But the expression has now See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been exclusively applied to gatherings of ecclesiastical persons for the purpose of administering See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice or transacting business . In the Western See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church the episcopal See also:

• CONSISTORY (Lat. consistorium, literally, a standing place, hence meeting place, waiting or audience chamber)

consistory was simply the bishops' tribunal, the proceedings of which took a more or less strictly judicial See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . But the name has disappeared almost everywhere; the only episcopal consistories outside See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (see CONSISTORY COURTS) which survive are in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and in certain dioceses of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany (see Vering, Kirchenrecht, § 149) . Thus the name consistory has come to be applied almost exclusively to meetings of the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of cardinals with the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, formerly for deliberative purposes, but nowadays purely formal . These meetings used to be frequent, but are now held very seldom, taking See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place only three or four times a See also:

• YEAR

year . The cardinals (q.v.) form the pope's See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council and See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate; before it became the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom to entrust the management of various kinds of business, grouped according to their nature, to commissions composed of cardinals, the pope used to consider and discuss with the whole sacred college matters of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• INTEREST

interest or those which were specially referred to him, notably the questions submitted to him by bishops from all parts of Christendom . To this are due a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good number of the See also:

• DECRETALS (Epistolae decretales)

decretals which have found a place in the Corpus See also:

• JURIS

juris canonici . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, when the cardinals were few in number, consistories were held very often . Thus the Gesta of See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent III. tell us that this See also:

• GREAT

great pope " held publicly, three times a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week, according to the usage then established, a See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn consistory; in it he heard complaints from all men, and examined in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person even affairs of the least importance with a prudence and perspicacity which were the admiration of all." Later we have recorded only one consistory a week; in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, according to See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal De Luca, it usually took place only twice in a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month; and soon the consistories were held at still greater intervals; they were held more or less regularly during the Ember See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, but now they have no longer a fixed date . Whatever be their form, they are nowadays merely ceremonial, the business upon which they are supposed to meet being discussed and decided previously; consequently, they are merely a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of solemn promulgation .

The preparation of the business is entrusted to the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of cardinals known as the Consistorial See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

Congregation . There are three kinds of consistory: the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret consistory, in which only the cardinals take part; the public consistory, to which are admitted persons from outside and a fairly large audience; and finally, the semi-public consistory, in which the bishops See also:

• PRESENT

present in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome take part with the cardinals, and are allowed to See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state their See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion . The last form is only used in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the consistory preceding a See also:

• CANONIZATION

canonization . The public consistory is now only held for the ceremony of conferring the See also:

• HAT

hat on newly created cardinals; formerly the popes used to receive in public consistory sovereigns and certain other great persons, but in this case the consistory was not deliberative in form . Finally, in secret consistories were discussed matters of general interest, such as the creation of cardinals, the See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision of See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral churches and other higher benefices, hence called consistorial,—the creation, See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union or See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of dioceses, the conferring of the See also:

• PALLIUM

pallium (q.v.), and other matters of importance . In these consistories takes place the " See also:

• PRECONIZATION (Late Lat. praeconizatio, from praeconizare, to proclaim, Lat. praeco, a public crier)

preconization " of bishops appointed since the last consistory . The custom is for the pope to open the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting by a discourse, or " consistorial See also:

• ALLOCUTION (Lat. allocutio, an address)

allocution," in which he deals with the position of the Church, either in general or in some particular See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country; or again, he may denounce some danger which is threatening at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time either the faith or discipline, or protest against attacks upon the rights of the Church . Such, for example, were the allocutions of See also:

• PIUS

Pius IX. against the successive invasions of his temporal domain, or that of Pius X. against the breaking of the See also:

• CONCORDAT (Lat. concordatum, agreed upon, from con-, together, and cor, heart)

Concordat by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . In the consistory, the cardinals are seated in a circle around the pope; on his right sits the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief cardinal See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, after whom are placed in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order all the others; on the See also:

• LEFT

left of the pope stands the chief cardinal See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon; the chief cardinal See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest comes next to the last cardinal bishop, and the last cardinal priest next to the last cardinal deacon . As in the old imperial consistorium, the cardinals assemble in the See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall of the consistory, and there await the pope, who takes his place upon his See also:

• THRONE

throne; in former days he used first to give audience to those cardinals who had to submit certain matters to him, after which the doors were shut and the consistory became secret . (A .