See also:

• CONSTELLATION (from the Lat. constellatus, studded with stars; co'n, with, and Stella, a star)

CONSTELLATION (from the See also:

• LAT

Lat. constellatus, studded with stars; co'n, with, and Stella, a See also:

• STAR

star)  , in See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy, the name given to certain groupings of stars . The See also:

• PARTITION

partition of the stellar expanse into areas characterized by specified stars can be traced back to a very remote antiquity . It is believed that the ultimate origin of the See also:

• CONSTELLATION (from the Lat. constellatus, studded with stars; co'n, with, and Stella, a star)

constellation figures and names is to be found in the corresponding systems in See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

vogue among the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive civilizations of the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates valley—the Sumerians, Accadians and Babylonians; that these were carried westward into See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GREECE

Greece by the Phoenicians, and to the lands of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor by the See also:

• HITTITES

Hittites, and that Hellenic culture in its turn introduced them into See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia, See also:

• PERSIA

Persia and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . From the earliest tines the See also:

• STAR

star-See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups known as constellations, the smaller groups (parts of constellations) known as asterisms, and also individual stars, have received names connoting some meteorological phenomena, or symbolizing religious or mythological beliefs . At one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it was held that the constellation names and myths were of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek origin; this view has now been disproved, and an examination of the Hellenic myths associated with the stars and star-groups in the See also:

• LIGHT

light of the records revealed by the decipherment of Euphratean cuneiforms leads to the conclusion that in many, if not all, cases the Greek myth has a Euphratean, parallel, and so renders it probable that the Greek constellation See also:

• SYSTEM

system and the cognate legends are primarily of Semitic or even pre-Semitic origin . The origin and development of the grouping of the stars into constellations is more a See also:

• MATTER

matter of archaeological than of astro nomical See also:

• INTEREST

interest . It demands a careful study of the myths and religious thought of primitive peoples; and the tracing of the names from one See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language to another belongs to See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology . The Sumerians and Accadians, the non-Semitic inhabitants of the Euphrates valley See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior to the Babylonians, described the stars collectively as a " heavenly See also:

• FLOCK

flock "; the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun was the " old See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep "; the seven See also:

• PLANETS, MINOR

planets were the " old-sheep stars"; the whole of the stars had certain " shepherds, " and Sibzianna (which, according to See also:

• SAYCE, ARCHIBALD HENRY (1846- )

Sayce and Bosanquet, is the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• ARCTURUS

Arcturus, the brightest star in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky) was the " star of the shepherds of the heavenly herds." ; The Accadians bequeathed their system to the Babylonians, and See also:

• CUNEIFORM (from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

cuneiform tablets and cylinders, boundary stones, and Euphratean See also:

• ART

art generally, point to the existence of a well-defined system of star names in their See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history . From a detailed study of such records, in their nature of rather speculative value, R . See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, junr . (Primitive Constellations, 1899) has compiled a Euphratean planisphere, which he regards as the See also:

• MOTHER

mother of all others . The tablets examined range in date from 3000-500 B.C., and hence the system must be anterior to the earlier date .

Of See also:

• GREAT

great importance is the Creation See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

Legend, a cuneiform compiled from older records during the reign of See also:

• ASSUR
• ASSUR (Auth. Vera. Asshur)

Assur-bani-See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

pal, c . 65o s.e., in which there occurs a passage interpretable as pointing to the See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of 36 constellations: 12 northern, 12 zodiacal and 12 See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern .