See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

CONTINENT (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")  , a word used in See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography of the larger continuous masses of See also:

• LAND

land in contrast to the See also:

• GREAT

great oceans, and as distinct from the submerged tracts where only the higher parts appear above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and from islands generally . On looking at a See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map of the See also:

• WORLD

world, continents appear generally as See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge-shaped tracts pointing southward, while the oceans have a polygonal shape . Eurasia is in some sense an exception, but all the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern terminations of the continents advance into the sea in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a wedge—See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America, South See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia, See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, Malaysia and See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia connected by a submarine See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform with See also:

• TASMANIA

Tasmania . It is difficult not to believe that these remarkable characters have some relation to the structure of the great globe-See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass, and according to T . C . Chamberlin and R . D . See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, in their See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology (1906), " the true conception is perhaps that the ocean basins and See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental platforms are but the See also:

• SURFACE

surface forms of great segments of the See also:

• LITHOSPHERE (Gr. XLOoc , a stone, and Q4aepa, a sphere)

lithosphere, all of which See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd towards the centre, the stronger and heavier—the ocean basins—taking See also:

• PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)

precedence and squeezing the weaker and lighter ones—the continents—between them." " The See also:

• AREA

area of the most depressed, or See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master segments, is almost exactly twice that of the protruding or squeezed ones . This estimate includes in the latter about To,000,000 sq. m. now covered with shallow See also:

• WATER

water . The See also:

• VOLUME

volume of the See also:

• HYDROSPHERE (Gr. i55wp, water, and O4aipa, sphere)

hydrosphere is a little too great for the true basins, and it runs over, covering the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the continents" (see CONTINENTAL SHELF) . Several theories have been advanced to See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for the roughly triangular shape of the continents, but that. presenting the least difficulty is the one expressed above, "since in a spherical surface divided into larger and smaller segments the See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major See also:

• PART

part should be polygonal,while the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor residual segments are more likely to be triangular." As bearing on this See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea, it is interesting to See also:

• NOTICE

notice in this connexion that the areas of volcanic activity are mostly where See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent and ocean meet; and that around the continents there is an almost continuous " deep" from Too to 300 M. broad, of which the Challenger Deep (11,400 ft.) and the great See also:

• TUSCARORA

Tuscarora Deep are fragments . If on a map of the world a broad inked See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

brush be swept seawards See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Africa, passing into the Mediterranean, round See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and South America, round India, then continuously south of See also:

• JAVA

Java and round Australia south of Tasmania and northward to the tropic, this broad See also:

• BAND

band will represent the encircling ribbon-like " deep," which gives strength to the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that the continents in their See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main features are permanent forms and that their structural connexion with the oceans is not temporary and accidental .

The great protruding or " squeezed " segments are the See also:

• EURASIAN

Eurasian (with an area roughly of twenty-four, reckoning in millions of square See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles), strongly ridged on the south and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, and relatively See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat on the north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west; the See also:

• AFRICAN

African (twelve), rather strongly ridged on the east, less abruptly on the west and north; the North See also:

• AMERICAN

American (ten), strongly ridged on the west, more gently on the east, and relatively flat on the north and in the interior; the South American (nine), strongly ridged on the west and somewhat on the north-east and south-east, leaving ten for the smaller blocks . The sum of these will represent one-third of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth's surface, while the remaining two-thirds is covered by the ocean . The See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation structure of the continents is everywhere similar . Their resulting rocks and soils are due to See also:

• DIFFERENTIAL

differential minor movements in the past, by which deposits of varying See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character were produced . These movements, taking See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place periodically and followed by See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long periods of See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, produce continued stability for the development and See also:

• MIGRATION

migration of forms of See also:

• LIFE

life, the grading of See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, the development of varied characteristic land forms, the migration and See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of human beings, the facility or difficulty of intelligent intercourse between races and communities, with finally the commercial interchange of those commodities produced by varying See also:

• CLIMATIC

climatic conditions upon different parts of the continental surface; in See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, for those See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical factors which form the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief product of past and See also:

• PRESENT

present human See also:

• HISTORY

history .