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CONTRABAND (Fr. contrebande, from con...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 33 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CONTRABAND (Fr. contrebande, from contra, against, and bannum, See also:Low See also:Lat. for " See also:proclamation ")  , a See also:term given generally to illegal See also:traffic; and particularly, as " See also:contraband of See also:war," to goods, &c., which subjects of neutral states are forbidden by See also:international See also:law to See also:supply to a belligerent . According to current practice contraband of war is of two kinds: (T) See also:absolute or unconditional contraband, i.e. materials of See also:direct application in See also:naval or military armaments; and (2) conditional contraband, consisting of articles which are See also:fit for, but not necessarily of direct application to, hostile uses . There is much difference of See also:opinion among international jurists and states, however, as to the specific materials and articles which may rightfully be declared by belligerents to belong to either class . There is also disagreement as to the belligerent right where the immediate destination is a neutral but the ultimate an enemy See also:port . An See also:attempt was made at the Second See also:Hague See also:Conference to come to an agreement on the See also:chief points of difference . The See also:British delegates were instructed even to abandon the principle of contraband of war altogether, subject only to the exclusion by See also:blockade of neutral See also:trade from enemy ports . In the alternative they were to do their utmost to restrict the See also:definition of contraband within the narrowest possible limits, and to obtain exemption of See also:food-stuffs destined for places other than beleaguered fortresses and of raw materials required for peaceful See also:industry . Though the discussions at the conference did not result in any See also:convention, except on the subject of mails, it was agreed among the leading maritime states that an See also:early attempt should be made to codify the law of naval war generally, in connexion with the See also:establishment of an international See also:prize See also:court (see PRIZE) . Meanwhile, on the subject of mails, important articles were Mails. adopted which figure in the " Convention on restric- tions in the right of See also:capture " (No . 11 of the See also:series as set out in the See also:General See also:Act, see See also:PEACE CONFERENCE) .

End of Article: CONTRABAND (Fr. contrebande, from contra, against, and bannum, Low Lat. for " proclamation ")
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