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HENRY SEYMOUR CONWAY (1721-1795)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 69 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY See also:SEYMOUR See also:CONWAY (1721-1795)  , See also:English See also:field See also:marshal and statesman, was the second son of See also:Francis See also:Seymour, of Ragley, See also:Warwickshire, who took the name of See also:Conway on succeeding to the estates of the See also:earl of Conway in 1699 and was created See also:Baron Conway in 1703 (see SEYMOUR or ST MAUR) . See also:Henry Seymour Conway's See also:elder See also:brother, Francis, 2nd Baron Conway, was created See also:marquess of See also:Hertford in 1793; his See also:mother was a See also:sister of See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Walpole's wife, and he was therefore first See also:cousin to See also:Horace Walpole, with whom he was on terms of intimate friendship throughout his See also:life . Having entered the See also:army at an See also:early See also:age, Conway was elected to the Irish See also:parliament in 1741 as member for See also:Antrim, which he continued to represent for twenty years; in the same See also:year he became a member of the English See also:House of See also:Commons, sitting for Higham See also:Ferrers in See also:Northamptonshire, and he remained in parliament, representing successively a number of different constituencies, almost without interruption for more than See also:forty years . Meantime he saw much service in the army abroad, where he served with conspicuous bravery and not without distinction . In 1745 he became aide-de-See also:camp to the See also:duke of See also:Cumberland in See also:Germany, and was See also:present at See also:Fontenoy; in the following year he had command of a See also:regiment at See also:Culloden . In 1755 he went to See also:Ireland as secretary to the See also:lord-See also:lieutenant, a position which he held for one year only; and on his return to See also:England he received a See also:court See also:appointment, having already been promoted See also:major-See also:general . In 1957 he was associated with Sir See also:John Mordaunt in command of an abortive expedition against Rochfort, the See also:complete failure of which brought Conway into discredit and involved him in a pamphlet controversy . In 1759 he became lieutenant-general, and served under See also:Prince See also:Ferdinand of See also:Brunswick in the See also:campaigns of 1761–1763 . Returning to England he took See also:part in the debates in parliament on the Wilkes See also:case, in which he opposed the views of the court, speaking strongly against the legality of general warrants . His conduct in this See also:matter highly incensed the See also:king, who insisted on Conway being deprived of his military command as well as of his appointment in the royal See also:household . His dismissal along with other See also:officers was the occasion of another See also:paper controversy in which Conway was defended by Horace Walpole, and gave rise to much constitutional dispute as to the right of the king to remove military officers for their conduct in parliament—a right that was tacitly abandoned by the See also:Crown when the See also:Rockingham See also:ministry of 1765 reinstated the officers who had been removed . In this ministry Conway took See also:office as secretary of See also:state, with the leadership of the House of Commons .

In the dispute with the See also:

American colonies his sympathies were with the latter, and in 1766 he carried the See also:repeal of the See also:Stamp See also:Act . When in See also:July of that year Rockingham gave See also:place to See also:Chatham, Conway retained his office; and when Chatham became incapacitated by illness he tamely acquiesced in See also:Townshend's reversal of the American policy which he himself had so actively furthered in the previous See also:administration . In See also:January 1768, offended by the growing See also:influence of the See also:Bedford See also:faction which joined the See also:government, Conway resigned the See also:seals of office, though he was persuaded by the king to remain a member of the See also:cabinet and " See also:Minister of the House of Commons." When, however, Lord See also:North became premier in 1770, Conway resigned from the cabinet and was appointed to the command of the royal regiment of See also:horse See also:guards; and in 1772 he became See also:governor of See also:Jersey, the See also:island being twice invaded by the See also:French during his See also:tenure of command . In 178o and 1781 he took an active part in opposition to Lord North's American policy, and it was largely as the result of his See also:motion on the 22nd of See also:February in the latter year, demanding the cessation of the See also:war against the colonies, when the ministerial See also:majority was reduced to one, that Lord North resigned office . In the Rockingham government that followed General Conway became See also:commander-in-See also:chief with a seat in the cabinet; and he retained office under Shelburne when Rocking-See also:ham died a few months later . On See also:Pitt's See also:elevation to the premier-See also:ship, Conway supported See also:Fox in opposition; but after the See also:dissolution of parliament in 1784 he retired from See also:political life . He was made field marshal in 1793,and died at See also:Henley-on-See also:Thames on the 9th of July 1795 . Conway married in 1747 See also:Caroline, daughter of General See also:Campbell (afterwards duke of See also:Argyll), and widow of the earl of See also:Aylesbury . He had one daughter, See also:Anne, who married John Damer, son of Lord See also:Milton, and who inherited a life See also:interest in See also:Strawberry See also:Hill under the will of Horace Walpole . Conway was personally one of the most popular men of his See also:day . He was handsome, conciliatory and agreeable, and a See also:man of refined See also:taste and untarnished See also:honour . As a soldier he was a dashing officer, but a poor general .

He was weak, vacillating and ineffective as a politician, lacking in See also:

judgment and decision, and without any See also:great See also:parliamentary See also:talent . In his later years he dabbled in literature and the See also:drama, and interested himself in See also:arboriculture in his retirement at Henley-on-Thames . See Horace Walpole, Letters, edited by P . See also:Cunningham (9 vols., See also:London, 1857), many of the letters being addressed to Conway; See also:Memoirs of the Last Ten Years of the Reign of See also:George II . (2 vols., London, 1822) ; Memoirs of the Reign of George III., edited by Sir D. le Marchant (4 vols., London, 1845) ; See also:Journal of the Reign of George III., 1771–1783 (2 vols., London, 1859) . See also the duke of See also:Buckingham and See also:Chandos, Memoirs of the Court and Cabinets of George III . (4 vols., London, 1853) . Much See also:information about Conway will also be found in the See also:biographies of his leading See also:con-temporaries, Rockingham, Shelburne, Chatham, Pitt and Fox . (R . J .

End of Article: HENRY SEYMOUR CONWAY (1721-1795)
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