See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• JAMES COOK (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

COOK (1728-1779)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain and explorer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 28th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1728, at Marton See also:

• VILLAGE

village, See also:

• CLEVELAND
• CLEVELAND (or CLEIVELAND), JOHN (1613—1658)
• CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709)
• CLEVELAND, STEPHEN GROVER (1837-1908)

Cleveland, See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was first an agricultural labourer and then a See also:

• FARM

farm See also:

• BAILIFF

bailiff . At twelve years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he was apprenticed to a See also:

• HABERDASHER

haberdasher at Staithes, near See also:

• WHITBY

Whitby, and afterwards to Messrs See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker, shipowners, of Whitby, whom he served for years in the See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, Baltic and See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle trades . In 1755, having risen to be a See also:

• MATE (a corruption of make, from O. Eng. gemaca, a " comrade ")
• MATE, or PARAGUAY TEA

mate, See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

Cook joined the royal See also:

• NAVY

navy, and after four years' service was, on the recommendation of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh Palliser, his See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, appointed See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master successively of the See also:

• SLOOP

sloop " See also:

• GRAMPUS (Orca gladiator, or Orca orca)

Grampus," of the " See also:

• GARLAND, JOHN (fl. 1202—1252)

Garland " and of the " Solebay," in the last of which he served in the St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence . He was employed also in See also:

• SOUNDING (for derivation see SOUND above)

sounding and See also:

• SURVEYING

surveying the See also:

• RIVER

river, and he published a See also:

• CHART (from Lat. carta, charta, a map)

chart of the channel from See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . In 1762 he was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the recapture of See also:

• NEWFOUNDLAND

Newfoundland, and wasemployed in surveying portions of this See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast (especially Placentia See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Harbour); in 1763, on Palliser becoming See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Newfound-See also:

• LAND

land, Cook was appointed " marine surveyor of the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador "; this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he held till 1767; and the volumes of sailing directions he now brought out (1766–1768) showed remarkable abilities . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he began to make his reputation as a mathematician and astronomer by his observation of the See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse of the 5th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1766, at one of the Burgeo Islands, near Cape See also:

• RAY (Lat. raia)
• RAY (or WRAY, as he wrote his name till 1670), JOHN (1628-1705)

Ray, and by his See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the same in the Philosophical Transactions (vol. lvii. pp . 215–216) . In 1768 Cook was appointed to conduct an expedition, suggested by the revival of See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical See also:

• INTEREST

interest now noticeable, and resolved on by the English See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty at the instance of the Royal Society, for observing the impending transit of See also:

• VENUS

Venus, and prosecuting geographical researches in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Pacific Ocean . For these purposes he received a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission as See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant (May 25th), and set See also:

• SAIL

sail in the " Endeavour," of 370 tons, accompanied by several men of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, including Sir See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

Banks (August 25th) . On the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1769, he reached See also:

• TAHITI

Tahiti, where he observed the transit on the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June . From Tahiti he sailed in quest of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent then supposed to exist in the South Pacific, explored the Society Islands, and thence struck to New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand, whose coasts he circumnavigated and examined with great care for six months, charting them for the first time with See also:

• FAIR

fair accuracy, and especially observing the channel (" Cook Strait ") which divided the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and South Islands . His attempts to penetrate to the interior, however, were thwarted by native hostility .

From New Zealand he proceeded to " New See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland " or See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia, and surveyed with the same minuteness and accuracy the whole See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east coast . New South See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales he named after a supposed resemblance to See also:

• GLAMORGANSHIRE (Welsh Morganwg)

Glamorganshire; See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

Botany See also:

• BAY

Bay, sighted on the 28th of April 1770, was so called by the naturalists of the expedition . On account of the hostility of the natives his discoveries here also were confined to the coast, of which he took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession for Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . From Australia Cook sailed to See also:

• BATAVIA

Batavia, satisfying himself upon the way that (as Torres had first shown in 1607) New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea was in no way an outlying See also:

• PART

part of the greater land See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass to the south . Arriving in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, by way of the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope, on the 12th of June, Cook was made a commander, and soon after was appointed to command another expedition for examining and determining once for all the question of the supposed great See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern continent . With the " See also:

• RESOLUTION

Resolution " of 462 tons, the " See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

Adventure " (Captain See also:

• FURNEAUX, TOBIAS (1735-1781)

Furneaux) of 330 tons, and 193 men; he sailed from See also:

• PLYMOUTH
• PLYMOUTH, EARLS OF

Plymouth on the 13th of See also:

• JULY

July 1772; he touched at the Cape of Good Hope, and striking thence south-east (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 22nd) passed the See also:

• ANTARCTIC
• ANTARCTIC (Gr. &vri, opposite, and apKTos, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

Antarctic Circle (See also:

• JANUARY

January 16th, 1773), repassed the same, and made his way to New Zealand (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 26th) without discovering land . From New Zealand he resumed his " See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search for a continent," working up and down across the South Pacific, and penetrating to 67° 31' and again to 71° 10' S., with imminent See also:

• RISK

risk of destruction from floating See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice, but with the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of disproving the possibility of the disputed continent in the seas south-eastward of New Zealand . He then made for See also:

• EASTER

Easter See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, whose exact position he determined, for the first time, with accuracy; noticing and describing the gigantic statues which Roggewein, the first discoverer of the island, had made known . In the same manner he accomplished a better determination and examination of the See also:

• MARQUESAS

Marquesas, as well as of the See also:

• TONGA, or FRIENDLY ISLANDS (so called by Captain Cook)

Tonga or Friendly Islands, than had yet been made; and after a stay at Tahiti to See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest and refit, crossed the central Pacific to the " New See also:

• HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

Hebrides," as he renamed Quiros's " Southern Land of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit " (a name preserved in the See also:

• MODERN

modern island of Espiritu Santo), called by See also:

• BOUGAINVILLE, LOUIS ANTOINE DE (1729-1811)

Bougainville the " Great See also:

• CYCLADES

Cyclades " (Grandes Cyclades), whose position, extent, divisions and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character were now verified as never before . Next followed the wholly new discoveries of New See also:

• CALEDONIA

Caledonia, See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk Island, and the Isle of Pines . Another visit to New Zealand, and yet another examination of the far southern Pacific, which was crossed from See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west to east through the whole of its extent, from south Australia to Tierra del Fuego, were now undertaken by Cook before he finally closed his See also:

• WORK

work in refutation of the See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant-See also:

• ARCTIC (Gr. "ApKroc, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

arctic continent, as previously understood, on this See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• WORLD

world . The voyage closed with a rapid survey of the " Land of See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

Fire," the rounding of Cape See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn, the rediscovery of the island now named Southern See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia, the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

Sandwich Land, the See also:

• CROSSING

crossing of the South See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic (here also exploding the great Terra Australis delusion), and visits to the Cape of Good Hope, St See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena, See also:

• ASCENSION
• ASCENSION, FEAST OF THE

Ascension, Fernando Noronha and the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores .

The voyage (reckoning only from the Cape of Good Hope and back to the same) had covered considerably more than 20,000 leagues, nearly three times the See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial circumference of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth; it See also:

• LEFT

left the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main outlines of the southern portions of the globe substantially as they are known to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; and it showed a possibility of keeping a number of men for years at sea without a heavy See also:

• TOLL (etymologically, that which is numbered or counted; from a common Teutonic form, cf. " tale," " tell ")
• TOLL, JOHAN KRISTOFFER, COUNT (1743-1817)

toll of lives . Cook only lost one See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man out of 118 in more than r000 days; he had conquered See also:

• SCURVY (Scorbutus)

scurvy . The discoverer reached Plymouth on the 25th of July 1775, and his achievements were promptly, if meanly, rewarded . He was immediately raised to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• POST

post-captain, appointed a captain in See also:

• GREENWICH

Greenwich See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, and soon afterwards unanimously elected a member of the Royal Society, from which he received the See also:

• COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON (1737—1815)

Copley See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal for the best experimental See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper which had appeared during the See also:

• YEAR

year . Cook's third and last voyage was primarily to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle the question of the north-west passage, practically abandoned since before the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but now taken up again, as a See also:

• MATTER

matter of scientific interest, by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . The explorer, who had volunteered for this service, was instructed to sail first into the Pacific through the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of the newly discovered islands which he had recently visited, and on reaching New See also:

• ALBION
• ALBION (in Ptolemy 'A)wviw; Lat. Albion, Pliny 4.16[301,102)

Albion to proceed northward as far as See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude 65° and endeavour to find a passage to the Atlantic . Several See also:

• SHIPS

ships were at the same time fitted out to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt a passage on the other side from the Atlantic to the Pacific . Sailing from the See also:

• NORE, THE

Nore on the 25th of June 1776 (Plymouth, July 12), with the "Resolution" and " Discovery," and touching at the Cape of Good Hope, which he left on the 30th of November, Cook next made See also:

• TASMANIA

Tasmania and thence passed on to New Zealand and the Tonga and Society Islands, discovering on his way several of the larger members of the See also:

• HERVEY, JAMES (1714–1758)

Hervey or Cook See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago, especially Mangaia and Aitutaki (March 3oth-April 4th, 1777); some smaller isles of this See also:

• GROUP

group he had already sighted on his second voyage, See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 23rd, 1773 . From Tahiti, as he moved north towards the main See also:

• OBJECT

object of his expedition, he made a far more important discovery, or rather rediscovery, that of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, the greatest and most remarkable of the Polynesian archipelagos (See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1778) . These had perhaps first been seen by the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish navigator Gaetano in 1555; but their existence had been kept a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret by See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain at the time, and had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been forgotten . Striking the west See also:

• AMERICAN

American coast in 44° 55' N. on the 7th of March following, he made an almost continuous survey of the same up to See also:

• BERING (BEHRING), VITUS (1680-1741)

Bering Straits and beyond, as far as 70° 41', where he found the passage barred by a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, or rather continent, of ice, rising 12 ft. above See also:

• WATER

water, and stretching as far as the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye could reach . The farthest point visible on the American See also:

• SHORE

shore (in the extreme north-west of See also:

• ALASKA

Alaska) he called Icy Cape .

On his way towards Bering Straits he discovered and named See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George's (" See also:

• NOOTKA

Nootka ") and See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William's See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

Sound, as well as Cape Prince of Wales, the westernmost extremity of North See also:

• AMERICA

America, never yet seen by English navigators, but well known to See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian explorers, who probably first sighted it in 1648; he also penetrated into the bay afterwards known as Cook's Inlet or River, which at first seemed to promise a passage to the Arctic Seas, to the south-east of the Alaska See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula . Cook next visited the See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic shores of Bering Straits (the extreme north-east of See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia); returning to America, he explored See also:

• NORTON, CAROLINE ELIZABETH SARAH (18o8–1877)
• NORTON, CHARLES BOWYER ADDERLEY, 1ST BARON (1814–1905)
• NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT (1827-1908)
• NORTON, THOMAS (1532–1584)

Norton Sound, north of the See also:

• YUKON

Yukon; touched at (Aleutian) Unalaska, where he met with some Russian-American settlers; and thence made his way back to the Hawaiian group, which he had christened after his friend and See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Sandwich, then See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the British admiralty (January 17th, 1779) . Here he visited Maui and See also:

• HAWAII (HAWAIIAN or SANDWICH ISLANDS)

Hawaii itself, whose See also:

• SIZE

size and importance he nowfirst realized, and in one of whose bays (Kealakekua) he met his See also:

• DEATH

death early in the See also:

• MORNING

morning of the 14th of February 1779 . During the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the 13th, one of the " Discovery's " boats was stolen by the natives; and Cook, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to recover it, made trial of his favourite expedient of seizing the king's See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person until reparation should be made . Having landed on the following day with some See also:

• MARINES (from Lat. mare, sea)

marines, a scuffle ensued which compelled the party to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat to their boats . Cook was the last to retire; and as he was nearing the shore he received a See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow from behind which felled him to the ground . He See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose immediately, and vigorously resisted the crowds that pressed upon him, but was soon overpowered . Had Cook returned from his third voyage, there is ground for believing King George would have made him a See also:

• BARONET

baronet . Distinguished honours were paid to his memory, both at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and by See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign courts, and a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension was settled upon his widow . But in his See also:

• LIFE

life a very inadequate See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official. See also:

• REWARD

reward was dealt out to the man who not only may be placed first among British maritime discoverers, but also gave his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country her See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, and so her colonies, in See also:

• AUSTRALASIA

Australasia . As a commander, an observer and a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical physician, his merits were equally great . Reference has been made to his survey work and to his victory over scurvy; it must not be forgotten that along with a commanding See also:

• PERSONAL

personal presence, and with sagacity, decision and perseverance quite extraordinary, went other qualities not less useful to his work .

He won the See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of those who served under him by sympathy, kindness and unselfish care of others as noteworthy as his gifts of See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect . See the Account of a Voyage See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the World in' 769-1771, by Lieut . See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Cook, in vols. ii. and iii. of See also:

• HAWKESWORTH, JOHN (c. 1715–1773)

Hawkesworth's Voyages (1793) ; the Voyage towards the South See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole and round the World . . . in . . 1772-1775, written by James Cook . . . (1777); a Voyage to the Pacific Ocean . in 1776-178o, vols. i. and ii. written by Cook (1784); also the Narrative of the Voyages round the World performed by Captain James Cook, by A . See also:

• KIPPIS, ANDREW (1725–1795)

Kippis, D.D., F.R.S . (1788), long the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard life of the navigator, but now superseded by See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur Kitson's Captain James Cook, the Circumnavigator (1907) . (C . R .