See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

PETER See also:

• COOPER
• COOPER (or COUPER), THOMAS (c. 1517-1594)
• COOPER, ABRAHAM (1787—1868)
• COOPER, ALEXANDER (d. i66o)
• COOPER, CHARLES HENRY (18o8-1866)
• COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE (1789-1851)
• PETER COOPER (1791-1883)
• COOPER, SAMUEL (1609-1672)
• COOPER, SIR ASTLEY PASTON (1768-1841)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1759–1840)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1805–1892)
• COOPER, THOMAS SIDNEY (1803–1902)

COOPER (1791-1883)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American manufacturer, inventor and philanthropist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city on the 12th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1791 . His grandfathers and his See also:

• FATHER

father served in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of American See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence . He received practically no schooling, but worked with his father at See also:

• HAT

hat-making in New York city, at See also:

• BREWING

brewing in See also:

• PEEKSKILL

Peekskill, at See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-making in See also:

• CATSKILL
• CATSKILL (formerly KAATSKIL.) MOUNTAINS

Catskill, and again at brewing in See also:

• NEWBURGH
• NEWBURGH, or NEWBURG

Newburgh . At seventeen he was apprenticed to a See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach-builder in New York city . On coming of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he got employment at Hempstead, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, makingmachines for shearing See also:

• CLOTH

cloth; three years afterwards he set up in this business for himself, having bought the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole right to manufacture such machinery in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of New York . Business prospered during the War of 1812, but See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell off after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . He turned his See also:

• SHOP

shop into a See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture factory; soon sold this and for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was. engaged in the grocery business on the site of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, opposite See also:

• COOPER
• COOPER (or COUPER), THOMAS (c. 1517-1594)
• COOPER, ABRAHAM (1787—1868)
• COOPER, ALEXANDER (d. i66o)
• COOPER, CHARLES HENRY (18o8-1866)
• COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE (1789-1851)
• COOPER, PETER (1791-1883)
• COOPER, SAMUEL (1609-1672)
• COOPER, SIR ASTLEY PASTON (1768-1841)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1759–1840)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1805–1892)
• COOPER, THOMAS SIDNEY (1803–1902)

Cooper See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union; and then invested in a See also:

• GLUE (from the O. Fr. glu, bird-lime, from the Late Lat. gluten, glus, glue)

glue and See also:

• ISINGLASS (probably a corruption of the Dutch huisenblas, Ger. Hausenblase, literally " sturgeon's bladder ")

isinglass factory, situated for twenty-one years in Manhattan (where the See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

Avenue Hotel was built later) and then in See also:

• BROOKLYN

Brooklyn . About 1828 he built the See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron See also:

• WORKS

Works in See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore, See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland, the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of his See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune . The Baltimore & See also:

• OHIO

Ohio railway was to See also:

• CROSS

cross his See also:

• PROPERTY

property, and, after various inventions aiming to do away with the loco-See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive See also:

• CRANK

crank and thus See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save two-fifths of the See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam, in 1830 he designed and constructed (largely after plans made two years before) the first steam See also:

• LOCOMOTIVE

locomotive built in See also:

• AMERICA

America; though only a small See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model it proved the practicability of using steam See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power for working that See also:

• LINE

line . The "Tom Thumb," as Cooper called the locomotive, was about the See also:

• SIZE

size of a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand-See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car; as the natural draft was far from sufficient, Cooper devised a blowing apparatus . Selling his Baltimore works, he built, in 1836, in See also:

• PARTNERSHIP (earlier forms, partener, parcener, from Late Lat. partionarius for partitionarius, from partitio, sharing, pars, part)

partnership with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, a See also:

• ROLLING

rolling See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill in New York; in 1845 he removed it to Trenton, New See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey, where iron structural beams were first made in 1854 and the See also:

• BESSEMER
• BESSEMER, SIR HENRY (1813-1898)

Bessemer See also:

• PROCESS

process first tried in America in 1856; and at See also:

• PHILIPPSBURG

Philippsburg, New Jersey, he built the largest blast See also:

• FURNACE

furnace in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country at that time . He built other foundries at See also:

• RINGWOOD

Ringwood, New Jersey, and at See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania; bought iron mines in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern New Jersey, and carried the ore thence by See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways to his See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills .

Actively interested with See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field in the laying of the first See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic See also:

• CABLE (from Late Lat. capulum, a halter, from capere, to take hold of)
• CABLE, GEORGE WASHINGTON (1844– )

cable, he was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the New York, Newfound-See also:

• LAND

land & See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

Telegraph See also:

• COMPANY

Company, and his frequent See also:

• CASH

cash advances made the success of the company possible; he was president of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North American Telegraph Company also, which controlled more than one-See also:

• HALF

half of the telegraph lines of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . For his See also:

• WORK

work in advancing the iron See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade he received the Bessemer See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal from the Iron and See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

Steel See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain in 1879 . He took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in educational affairs, strongly opposed the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic claims for public funds for parochial See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, and conducted the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of the See also:

• FREE

Free School Society to its successful issue in 1842, when a state See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law was passed forbidding the support from public funds of any "religious sectarian See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine." He is probably best known, however, as the founder of the Cooper Union (q.v.) . Cooper was an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the emancipation and the enlistment in the Union See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern negroes, and he upheld the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln . Though he had been a hard-See also:

• MONEY

money Democrat, he joined the Greenback party after the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil War, and in 1876 was its See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency, but received only 81,740 out of the 8,412,833 votes See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast . He died in New York city on the 4th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1883 . He published The See also:

• POLITICAL

Political and See also:

• FINANCIAL

Financial Opinions of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Cooper, with an Auto-See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography of his Early See also:

• LIFE

Life (1877), and Ideas for a See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government, in Addresses, Letters and Articles on a Strictly See also:

• NATIONAL

National Currency, See also:

• TARIFF (adapted in English from the French; the word comes through the Spanish tarifa, a list or schedule of prices, from the Arabic, ta'rifa, information, an inventory, 'arf, know-ledge)

Tariff and Civil Service (1883) . There is a brief biography by R . W . See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond, Peter Cooper (See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1900) .