See also:

• COORG (an anglicized corruption of Kodagu, said to be derived from the Kanarese Kudu, " steep," " hilly ")

COORG (an anglicized corruption of Kodagu, said to be derived from the See also:

• KANARESE

Kanarese See also:

• KUDU (koodoo)

Kudu, " steep," " hilly ")  , a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, administered by a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner, subordinate to the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general through the See also:

• RESIDENT

resident of See also:

• MYSORE

Mysore, who is officially also See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief commissioner of See also:

• COORG (an anglicized corruption of Kodagu, said to be derived from the Kanarese Kudu, " steep," " hilly ")

Coorg . It lies in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, on the See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of the Western See also:

• GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats, sloping inland towards Mysore . It is an attractive See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee cultivation, though the greater See also:

• PART

part is still under See also:

• FOREST

forest, but the prosperity of the See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry has declined since 1891 . The administrative See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-quarters are at Mercara (pop . 6732) . Coorg is the smallest province in India, its See also:

• AREA

area being only 1582 sq. m . Of this amount about r000 sq. m. consist of See also:

• GHAT, or RHAT

ghat, reserved and other forests . Coorg was constituted a province not on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its See also:

• SIZE

size, but on account of its See also:

• ISOLATION

isolation . It lies at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the Western Ghats, and is cut off by them from easy communication with the See also:

• BRITISH

British districts of South See also:

• KANARA, or CANARA

Kanara and See also:

• MALABAR

Malabar, which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form its western and See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundaries, while on its other sides it is surrounded by the native See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Mysore . It is a mountainous See also:

• DISTRICT

district, presenting throughout a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of wooded hills and deep valleys; the lowest elevations are 3000 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . The loftiest See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak, Tadiandamol, has an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of 5729 ft.; Pushpagiri, another peak, is 5626 ft. high . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVER

river is the See also:

• CAUVERY, or KAVERI

Cauvery, which rises on the eastern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Western Ghats, and with its tributaries drains the greater part of Coorg .

Besides these there are several large streams that take their rise in Coorg . In the See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, which lasts during the continuance of the southwest See also:

• MONSOON
• MONSOON (Arabic Mausim, season)

monsoon, or from See also:

• JUNE

June to the end of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers flow with violence and See also:

• GREAT

great rapidity . In See also:

• JULY

July and See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August the rainfall is excessive, and the See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November is often showery . The yearly rainfall may exceed 16o in.; in the dense See also:

• JUNGLE (Sans. jangala)

jungle See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract it reaches from 120 to 150; in the See also:

• BAMBOO

bamboo district in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west from 6o to 100 in . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, though humid, is on the whole healthy; it is believed to have been rendered hotter and drier by the clearing of forest See also:

• LAND

land . Coorg has an See also:

• AVERAGE

average temperature of about 6o° F., the extremes being 52° and 82° . The hottest season is in See also:

• APRIL

April and May . In the direction of Mysore the whole See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is thickly wooded; but to the westward the forests are more open . The See also:

• FLORA

flora of the jungle includes Michelia (Chumpak), Mesua (See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood), Diospyros (See also:

• EBONY (Gr. E(3evos)

Ebony and other See also:

• SPECIES

species), Cedrela toona (See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

cedar), Chickrassia tubularis (Red cedar), Calephyllum angustifolium (Poon spar), Canarium strictum (See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• DAMMAR, or DAMMER (Hind. damar=resin, pitch)

Dammar See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree), Artocar pus, Dipterocarpus, Garcinia, See also:

• EUONYMUS

Euonymus, Cinnamomum iners, Myristica, Vaccinium, Myrtaceae, Melastomaceae, Rubus (three species), and a See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose . In the undergrowth are found See also:

• CARDAMOM

cardamom, areca, See also:

• PLANTAIN (Lat. plantago)

plantain, canes, See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• PEPPER
• PEPPER, WILLIAM (1843–1898)

pepper, tree and other ferns, and arums . In the forest of the less thickly-wooded bamboo country in the west of Coorg the trees most See also:

• COMMON

common are the Dalbergia latifolia (Black wood), Pterocar pus marsupium (Kino tree), Terminalia coriacea (Mutti), Lagerstromia parviflora (Benteak), Conocar pus latifolius (Dindul), Bassia latifolia, Butea frondosa, Nauclea parviflora, and several acacias, with which, in the eastern part of the district, See also:

• TEAK

teak and See also:

• SANDALWOOD (from Fr. sandal, santal, Gr. oitvraXov, atw&sXov, Pers. sandal, chandan, Skt. chandana, the sandal tree; the form " sanders " is probably an English corruption)

sandalwood occur . Among the See also:

• FAUNA

fauna may be mentioned the See also:

• ELEPHANT

elephant, See also:

• TIGER
• TIGER (Felis tigris)

tiger, tiger-See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat, See also:

• CHEETAH

cheetah or See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting See also:

• LEOPARD

leopard, wild See also:

• DOG

dog, See also:

• ELK

elk, bison, wild See also:

• BOAR (0. Eng. bar; the word is found only in W. Ger. languages, cf. Dutch beer, Ger. Eber)

boar, several species of See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer, See also:

• HARES

hares, monkeys, the buceros and various other birds, the See also:

• COBRA (Naja tripudians)

cobra di capello, and a few alligators .

The most interesting antiquities of Coorg are the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth redoubts or See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-trenches (kadangas) ,which are from 15 to 25 ft. high, and provided with a ditch ao ft. deep by 8 or ro ft. wide . Their linear extent isreckoned at between 500 and 600 m . They are mentioned in See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions of the 9th and loth centuries . The exports of Coorg are mainly See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, coffee and cardamoms; and the only important manufacture is a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of coarse blanket . Fruits of many descriptions, especially oranges, are produced in abundance, and are of excellent quality . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 180,607, showing an increase of 4.4 % in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . Of the various tribes inhabiting Coorg, the Coorgs proper, or Kodagas, and the Yeravas, or Eravas, both See also:

• SPECIAL

special to the country, are the most numerous . The Kodagas (36,091) are a See also:

• LIGHT

light-coloured See also:

• RACE

race of unknown origin . They constitute a highland See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan, See also:

• FREE

free from the trammels of See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste, and they have the manly bearing and See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent spirit natural in men who have been from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial the lords of the See also:

• SOIL

soil . Their See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion consists of ancestor- and demon-See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship, with a certain admixture of See also:

• BRAHMAN

Brahman cults . The men are by tradition warriors and hunters, and while they will plough the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and reap the rice,they leave all See also:

• MENIAL

menial See also:

• WORK

work to the See also:

• WOMEN

women and servants . They speak Kodagu, a See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect of See also:

• HALA, or HALLA (formerly known as Murtazabad )

Hala Kannada or old See also:

• KANARESE

Kanarese, midway between that and See also:

• MALAYALAM

Malayalam .

It has been asserted that the institution of See also:

• POLYANDRY (Gr. iroXus, many, and 6.vi7P, man)

polyandry was prevalent among them, according to which the See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers of a See also:

• FAMILY

family had their wives in common . But if this institution ever existed it no longer does so . The Yeravas (14,586) are a race of an altogether inferior type, dark-skinned and thick-lipped, resembling the Australian See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines who possibly, according to one theory, may have sprung from the same See also:

• DRAVIDIAN (Sanskrit Dravida)

Dravidian stock (see See also:

• AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA: Aborigines) . Though now nominally free, they were, before the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of British See also:

• RULE

rule, the hereditary praedial slaves of the Kodagas . Some of them live a See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• LIFE

life in the jungle, but the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority See also:

• EARN

earn a livelihood as coolies . They are demon-worshippers, their favourite deity being Karingali (black See also:

• KALI (black)

Kali) . Their See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, a dialect of Malayalam, is See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to them . Among the other tribes or castes special to Coorg are the Heggades (1503 in 1901), cultivators from Malabar; the Ayiri (898), who constitute the See also:

• ARTISAN, or ARTIZAN

artisan caste; the Medas (584), who are See also:

• BASKET

basket-and See also:

• MAT (O. Eng. meatt, from late Lat. mattes, whence Ital. mallet, Ger. and Dan. matte, Du. mat, &c.)

mat-makers, and See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as drummers at feasts; the Binepatta (98), originally wandering musicians from Malabar, now agriculturists; the Kavadi (49), cultivators from Yedenalknad; all these speak the Coorg language, See also:

• WEAR

wear the Coorg See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, and conform, more or less, to Coorg customs . Other tribes are not special to Coorg . Of these the Holeyas (27,000) are the most numerous . They are divided into four sections: See also:

• BADAGAS (literally " a Telugu man ")

Badagas from Mysore, Kembattis and Maringis from Malabar, Kukkas from S . Kanara .

They were formerly the slaves of the Kodagas and now act as their menials . The Lingayats (8700) are rather a religious See also:

• SECT

sect than a tribe . Of the See also:

• TULU

Tulu (See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer) class the Gaudas (11,900), who live principally along the western boundary, are the most important; they speak Tulu and wear the Coorg dress . Other castes and tribes are the Tiyas (1500) and Nayars (1400), immigrants from Malayalam; the Vellala (13oo), who are See also:

• TAMILS

Tamils; the See also:

• MAHRATTAS

Mahrattas (2400) and Brahmans (11oo) . Of the Mussulmans the most numerous are the Moplahs (6700) and the Shaikhs (4400), both chiefly traders . Of native Christians there are upwards of 3000 . The See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official language of Coorg, which is that spoken by 45 % of the population, is Kanarese (Kannada), the Coorg language (Kodagu) coming next . The Coorg dress is very picturesque, its characteristics being a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long coat (Kupasa), of dark-coloured See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, reaching below the knees, folded across and confined at the See also:

• WAIST

waist by a red or See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue See also:

• GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle . The sleeves are cut off below the See also:

• ELBOW

elbow, showing the arms of a white See also:

• SHIRT

shirt . The head-dress is a red kerchief, or a peculiar large, See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• TURBAN

turban, covering the back of the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck . The Coorg also carries a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife, with an See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory or See also:

• SILVER

silver hilt, fastened with silver chains and See also:

• STUCK, FRANZ (1863— )

stuck into the girdle . A large, broad-bladed waist knife, akin to the kukri of the Gurkhas, worn at the back, point upwards, was formerly a formidable weapon in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand-to-hand fighting, but is now used only for exhibitions of strength and skill on festive occasions .

The chief crops are rice and coffee . Some abandoned coffee land has been planted with See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea as an experiment . The cultivation of See also:

• CINCHONA

cinchona has proved unprofitable . There is no railway . There are no colleges, but twenty-four scholarships are given to maintain Coorg students at colleges in See also:

• MADRAS

Madras and Mysore . There are secondary See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools at Mercara and Virarajendrapet . The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early accounts of Coorg are purely legendary, and it was not till the 9th and loth centuries that its See also:

• HISTORY

history became the subject of See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record . At this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, according to inscriptions, the country was ruled by the Gangas of Talakad, under whom the Changalvas, See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Changa-nad, styled later kings of Nanjarayapatna or Nanjarajapatna, held the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and part of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Coorg, together with the Hunsur taluk in Mysore . After the overthrow, in the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, of the Ganga See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power by the Cholas, the Changalvas became tributary to the latter . When the Cholas in their turn were driven from the Mysore country by the Hoysalas, in the 12th century, the Changalvas held out for See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence; but after a severe struggle they were subdued and became vassals of the Hoysala See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . In the 14th century, after the fall of the Hoysala rule, they passed under the supremacy of the See also:

• VIJAYANAGAR, or BIJANAGAR (" the city of victory ")

Vijayanagar See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . During this period, at the beginning of the 16th century, Nanja See also:

• RAJA

Raja founded the new Changalva See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital Nanjarajapatna .

In 1589 Piriya Raja or Rudragana rebuilt Singapatna and renamed it Piriyapatna (Periapatam) . The power of the Vijayanagar empire had, however, been broken in 1565 by the Mahommedans; in 1610 the Vijayanagar See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• SERINGAPATAM, or SRIRANGAPATANA

Seringapatam was ousted by the raja of Mysore, who in 1644 captured Piriyapatna . Vira Raja, the last of the Changalva kings, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of his capital, after putting to See also:

• DEATH

death his wives and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . Coorg, however, was not absorbed in Mysore, which was hard pressed by other enemies, and a See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of the Ikkeri or Bednur family (perhaps related to the Changalvas) succeeded in bringing the whole country under his sway, his descendants continuing to be rajas of Coorg till 1834 . The capital was removed in 1681 by Muddu Raja to Madikeri or Mercara . In 1770 a disputed See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession led to the intervention of Hyder See also:

• ALI

Ali of Mysore in favour of Linga Raja, who had fled to him for help, and whom he placed on the See also:

• THRONE

throne on his consenting to cede certain territories and to pay See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute . On Linga Raja's death in 178o Hyder Ali interned his sons, who were minors, in a fort in Mysore, and, under pretence of acting as their See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian, installed a Brahman governor at Mercara with a Mussulman See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison . In 1782, however, the Coorgs rose in See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion and drove out the Mahommedans . Two years later Tippoo See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan reduced the country; but the Coorgs having again rebelled in 1785 he vowed their destruction . Having secured some 70,000 of them by treachery, he drove them to Seringapatam, where he had them circumcised by force . Coorg was partitioned among Mussulman proprietors, and held down by garrisons in four forts . In 1788, however, Vira Raja (or Vira Rajendra Wodeyar), with his wife and his brothers Linga Raja and Appaji, succeeded in escaping from his captivity, at Periapatam and, placing himself at the head of a Coorg rebellion,' succeeded in See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving the forces of Tippoo out of the country .

The British, who were about to enter on the struggle with Tippoo, now made a treaty with Vira Raja; and during the war that followed the Coorgs proved invaluable See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies . By the treaty of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace Coorg, though not adjacent to the East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company's territories, was included in the cessions forced upon Tippoo . On the spot where he had first met the British See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, General See also:

• ABERCROMBY
• ABERCROMBY, PATRICK (1656–c.-1716)
• ABERCROMBY, SIR RALPH (1734-1801)

Abercromby, the raja founded the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Virarajendrapet . ViraRaja,who, inconsequence of his mind becoming unhinged, was guilty towards the end of his reign of hideous atrocities, died in 1809 without male heirs, leaving his favourite daughter Devammaji as rani . His See also:

• BROTHER

brother Linga Raja, however, after acting as See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent for his niece, announced in 1811 his own See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . He died in 1820, and was succeeded by his son Vira Raja, a youth of twenty, and a See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster of sensuality and See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty . Among his victims were all the members of the families of his predecessors, including Devammaji . At last, in 1832, See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of treasonable designs on the raja's part led to inquiries on the spot by the British resident at Mysore, as the result of which, and of the raja's refusal to amend his ways, a British force marched into Coorg in 1834 . On the 11th of Aprilthe raja was deposed by See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• FRASER
• FRASER, ALEXANDER CAMPBELL (1819– )
• FRASER, JAMES (1818-1885)
• FRASER, JAMES BAILLIE (1783--1856)
• FRASER, SIR WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Fraser, the See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent with the force, and on the 7th of May the state was formally annexed to the East India Company's territory . In 1852 the raja, who had been deported to See also:

• VELLORE

Vellore, obtained leave to visit See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England with his favourite daughter Gauramma, to whom he wished to give a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• EDUCATION

education . On the 3oth of June she was baptized, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria being one of her sponsors; she after-wards married a British officer who, after her death in 1864, mysteriously disappeared together with their See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child . Vira Raja himself died in 1863, and was buried in Kensal See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery .

The so-called Coorg rebellion of 1837 was really a rising of the Gaudas, due to the grievance See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt in having to pay taxes in See also:

• MONEY

money instead of in kind . A See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man named Virappa, who pre-tended to have escaped from the See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of 1820, tried to take See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of this to assert his claim to be raja, but the Coorgs remained loyal to the British and the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt failed . In 1861, after the See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny, the See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty of the Coorgs was rewarded by their being exempted from the Disarmament Act . See " The Coorgs and Yeravas," by T . H . See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic Society of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal, vol. lxx. part iii . No . 2 (1901); Rev . G . See also:

• RICHTER, ADRIAN LUDWIG (1803-1884)
• RICHTER, ERNST FRIEDRICH EDUARD (1808–1879)
• RICHTER, EUGEN (1839–1906)
• RICHTER, HANS (1843– )
• RICHTER, JEREMIAS BENJAMIN (1762–1807)
• RICHTER, JOHANN PAUL FRIEDRICH (1763–1825)

Richter, Castes and Tribes found in the Province of Coorg (See also:

• BANGALORE

Bangalore, 1887) ; Imperial Gazetteer of India (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1908), vol. xi. s.v., where, besides an admirable account of the country and its inhabitants, the history of Coorg is dealt with in some detail .