See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. See also:

• LAT

Lat. capa, cappa)  , a liturgical vestment of the Western See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . The word " See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

cope," now confined to this sense, was in its origin identical with "cape" and " cap," and was used until comparatively See also:

• MODERN

modern times also for an out-See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door cloak, whether worn by See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy or laity . This, indeed, was its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original meaning, the cappa having been an See also:

• OUTER

outer garment See also:

• COMMON

common to men and See also:

• WOMEN

women whether clerical or See also:

• LAY

lay (see Du Cange, Glossarium, s.v.) . The word pluviale (See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-cloaks, which the cope bears in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Church, is exactly parallel so far as See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of meaning is concerned . In both words the See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology reveals the origin of the vestment, which is no more than a glorified survival of an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of clothing worn by all and sundry in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• LIFE

life, the type of which survives, e.g. in the ample hooded cloak of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian military See also:

• OFFICERS

officers . This origin is clearly traceable in the shape and details of the cope . When spread out this forms an almost See also:

• COMPLETE

complete semicircle . Along the straight edge there is usually a broad See also:

• BAND

band, and at the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck is attached the " See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood " (in Latin, the clypeus or See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield), i.e. a shield-shaped piece of stuff which hangs down over the back . The vestment is secured in front by a broad tab sewn on to one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side and fastening to the other with hooks, sometimes also by a See also:

• BROOCH, or BROACH (from the Fr. broths, originally an awl or bodkin; a spit is sometimes called a broach, and hence the phrase " to broach a barrel "; see BROKER)

brooch (called the See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

morse, See also:

• LAT

Lat. morsus) . Sometimes the morse is attached as a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament to the See also:

• CROSS

cross-piece . The cope thus preserves the essential shape of its See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular original, and even the hood, though now a mere ornamental appendage, is a survival of an actual hood . The See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution of this latter into its See also:

• PRESENT

present, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form was See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual; first the hood became too small for use, then it was transformed into a small triangular piece of stuff (13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century), which in its turn See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew (14th and 15th centuries) into the shape of a shield (see See also:

• PLATE

Plate II., fig .

4), and this again, losing its pointed tip in the 17th century, See also:

• EXPANDED

expanded in the 18th into a flap which was sometimes enlarged so as to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the whole back down to the See also:

• WAIST

waist . In its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general effect, however, a cope now no longer suggests a " waterproof." It is sometimes elaborately embroidered all over; more usually it is of some See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich material, with the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders in front and the hood embroidered, while the morse has given occasion for some of the most beautiful examples of the See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

goldsmith's and jeweller's See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft (see Plate II., See also:

• FIGS

figs . 5, 6) . The use of the cope as a liturgical vestment can be traced to the end of the 8th century: a pluviale is mentioned in the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of the monastery of Obona in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Before this the so-called cappa choralis, a See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

bell-shaped, hooded vestment with no liturgical significance, had been worn by the secular and See also:

• REGULAR

regular clergy at See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir services, processions, &c . This was in its origin identical with the See also:

• CHASUBLE

chasuble (q.v.), and if, as See also:

• FATHER

Father Braun seems to prove, the cope See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed out of this, cope'and chasuble have a common source.' Father Braun cites numerous inventories and the like to show that the cope (pluviale) was originally no more than a more elaborate cappa worn on high festivals or other ceremonial occasions, sometimes by the whole religious community, sometimes—if the stock were limited—by those, e.g. the cantors, &c., who were most conspicuous in the ceremony . In the loth century, partly under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the wealthy and splendour-loving community of See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny, the use of the cope became very widespread; in the 11th century it was universally worn, though the rules for its See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual use had not yet been fixed . It was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, however, See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par excellence the vestment proper to the cantors, choirmaster and singers, whose See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty it was to sing the invitatorium, responses, &c., at See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, and the introitus, graduale, &c., at See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass . This use survived in the ritual of the pre-See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation Church in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and has been introduced in certain See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican churches, e.g . St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Magdalen's, See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster Square, in See also:

• LONDON

London . By the beginning of the 13th century the liturgical use of the cope had become finally fixed, and the rules for this use included by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• PIUS

Pius V. in the Roman See also:

• MISSAL

Missal and by See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VIII. in the Pontificale and Caeremoniale were consequently not new, but in accordance with See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and universal See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom . The substitution of the cope for the chasuble in many of the functions for which the latter had been formerly used was primarily due to the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative convenience of a vestment opened at the front, and so leaving the arms See also:

• FREE

free .

A natural conservatism preserved the chasuble, which by the 9th century had acquired a symbolical significance, as the vestment proper to the celebration of Mass; but the cope took its See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in lesser functions, i.e. the censing of the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar during the Magnificat and at Mattins (whence the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German name Rauchmantel, See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke-mantel), processions, See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn consecrations, and as the See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress of.bishops attending synods . It is clear from this that the cope, though a liturgical, was never a sacerdotal vestment . If it was worn by priests, it could also be worn by laymen, and it was never worn by priests in their sacerdotal, i.e. their sacrificial, capacity . For this See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason it was not rejected with the "Mass See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments " by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Church at the Reformation, in spite of the fact that it was in no ecclesiastical sense " See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive." By the First See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer-See also:

• BOOK

book of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VI., which represented a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise, it was directed to be worn as an alter-native to the " vestment " (i.e. chasuble) at the celebration of the Communion; this at least seems the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain meaning of the words " vestment or cope," though they have been otherwise interpreted . In the Second Prayer -book vestment and cope alike disappear; but a cope was worn by the See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate who consecrated See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker, and by the " gentlemen " as well as the priests of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel; and, finally, by the 24th See also:

• CANON

canon (of 1603) a " decent cope" was prescribed for the "See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister" at the celebration of See also:

• HOLY

Holy Communion in See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral churches as well as for the "gospeller and epistler." Except at royal coronations, however, the use of the cope, even in cathedrals, had practically ceased in England before the ritual revival of the 19th century restored its popularity . The disuse implied no doctrinal change; the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive was that the stiff vestment, high in the neck, was incompatible with a full-bottomed See also:

• WIG (short for " periwig," an alternative form of " peruke," Fr. perruque; cf. Span. peluca; conjecturally derived from Lat. pilus)

wig . See also:

• SCARLET

Scarlet copes with See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur hoods have been in continuous use on ceremonial occasions in the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities, and are worn by bishops at the opening of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . With the liturgical cope may be classed the red See also:

• MANTLE

mantle (mantum), which from the See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

firth century to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages formed, with the See also:

• TIARA (Gr. -papa)

tiara, the See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of the papal dignity . The immantatio was the solemn See also:

• INVESTITURE (Late Lat. investitura)

investiture The of the new pope immediately after his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election, by Y mantum . means of the cappa rubea, with the papal See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . This ceremony was of See also:

• GREAT

great importance . In the contested election of 1159, for instance, though a See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the cardinals had elected See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• ROLAND
• ROLAND, LEGEND OF

Roland (See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander III.), the defeated See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate Cardinal Octavian (See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor IV.), while his See also:

• RIVAL

rival was modestly hesitating to accept the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, seized the pluviale and put it on his own shoulders hastily, upside down; and it was on this ground that the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia in 116o based their See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration in favour of Victor, and anathematized Alexander .

The isnmantatio See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell out of use during the papal See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile at See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon ' This derivation, suggested also by Dr Legg (Archaeol . See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal, 51, p . 39, 1894), is rejected by the five bishops in their See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report to See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

Convocation (1908) . Their statement, however, that it is " See also:

• PRETTY

pretty clear " that the cope is derived from the Roman lacerna or birrus is very much open to See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . We do not even know what the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance and form of the birrus were; and the question of the and was never restored. origin of the cope is not whether it was derived from any garment of the time of the Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, and if so from which, but what It will be convenient here to See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note other vestments that have garment in use in the 8th and 9th centuries it represents . I developed out of the cappa . The cappa choralis has already been mentioned; it survived as a choir vestment that in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter took the place of the See also:

• SURPLICE (Late Lat. superpelliceum; Fr. super, over, and pellis, fur; Span. sobrepellice; Fr. surplis; in Ital. cotta and Ger. Chorrock, choir coat)

surplice, See also:

• ROCHET (Lat. rochettum, from the late Lat. roccus, connected with the O.H.Ger. rock, roc and the A.S. rocc; Fr. rocket, Ital. rocchetto, Sp. roquete, Ger. Rochett, Chorkleid)

rochet or See also:

• ALMUCE

almuce . In the 12th century it was provided with arms (cappa manicata), but the use of this form was forbidden at choir services and other liturgical functions . From the hood of the cappa was developed the almuce (q.v.) . At what date the cappa choralis developed into the cappa magna, a non-liturgical vestment See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to the pope, cardinals, bishops and certain privileged prelates, is not known; but mention of it is found as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 15th century . This vestment is a loose robe, with a large hood (lined with fur in winter and red See also:

• SILK

silk in summer) and a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train, which is carried by a cleric called the caudatarius . Its See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour varies with the hierarchical See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of the wearer: red for cardinals, See also:

• PURPLE

purple for bishops, &c.; or, if the dignitary belong to a religious See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, it follows the colour of the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of the order .

The right to See also:

• WEAR

wear a See also:

• VIOLET

violet cappa magna is conceded by the popes to the chapters of certain important cathedrals, but the train in this See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case is worn folded over the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm or tied under it . It may only be worn by them, more-over, in their own church, or when the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter appears elsewhere in its corporate capacity . Lastly, from the cappa is probably derived the mozzetta, a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short cape with a See also:

• MINIATURE

miniature hood, fastened down the front with The buttons . The name is derived from the Italian mozzetta. mozzare, to cut off, and points to its being an abbrevi- ated cappa, as the episcopal See also:

• APRON (a corruption arising from a wrong division of " a napron " into " an apron," from the Fr. naperon, napperon, a diminutive of nappe, Lat. mappa, a napkin)

apron " is a shortened See also:

• CASSOCK (Fr. casaque, a military cloak)

cassock . It is worn over the rochet by the pope, cardinals, bishops and prelates, the See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours varying as in the case of the cappa magna . Its use as confined to bishops can be traced to the 16th century . See See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Braun, S . J., See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die liturgische Gewandung (See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im See also:

• BREISGAU

Breisgau, 1907); also the bibliography to the article VESTMrNTS . (W . A .