See also:

• COPROLITES (from Gr. KInrpos, dung, and X10os, stone)

COPROLITES (from Gr. KInrpos, dung, and X10os, See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone)  , the fossilized excrements of See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct animals . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of their true nature was made by Dr See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• BUCKLAND, FRANCIS TREVELYAN (1826–188o)
• BUCKLAND, WILLIAM (1784–1856)

Buckland, who observed that certain convoluted bodies occurring in the Lids of See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire had the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form which would have been produced by their passage in the soft See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state through the intestines of See also:

• REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles or fishes . These bodies had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been known as "fossil See also:

• FIR

fir cones" and "bezoar stones." Buckland's conjecture that they were of faecal origin, and similar to the See also:

• ALBUM (Lat. albus, white)

album grecum or excrement of hyaenas, was confirmed by Dr W . See also:

• PROUT, SAMUEL (1783–1852)
• PROUT, WILLIAM (1785-1850)

Prout, who on See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis found they consisted essentially of See also:

• CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium phosphate and carbonate, and not infrequently contained fragments of unaltered See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone . The name "See also:

• COPROLITES (from Gr. KInrpos, dung, and X10os, stone)

coprolites" was accordingly given to them by Buckland, who subsequently expressed his belief that they might be found useful in See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the calcium phosphate they contained . The Liassic coprolites are described by Buckland as resembling oblong pebbles, or See also:

• KIDNEY

kidney-potatoes; they are mostly 2 to 4 in. long, and from r to 2 in. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, but those of the larger ichthyosauri are of much greater dimensions . In See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour they vary from ash-See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey to See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, and their fracture is conchoidal . Internally they are found to consist of a lamina See also:

• TWISTED

twisted upon itself, and externally they generally exhibit a tortuous structure, produced, before the See also:

• CLOACA

cloaca was reached, by the See also:

• SPIRAL

spiral See also:

• VALVE (Lat. valva, a leaf of a double or folding door, allied to volvere, to roll, as of a door on its hinges)

valve of a compressed small See also:

• INTESTINE (Lat. intestinus, internal, usually in neuter plural intestina. from intus, within)

intestine (as in skates, sharks and See also:

• DOG

dog-fishes); the See also:

• SURFACE

surface shows also vascular impressions and corrugations due to the same cause . Often the bones, See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth and scales of fishes are to See also:

• WATER

Water Organic See also:

• MATTER

matter Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate Calcium fluoride . Calcium and See also:

• MAGNESIUM [symbol Mg, atomic weight 24.32 (0 = 16)]

magnesium phosphate Magnesium carbonate . Aluminic phosphate Ferric phosphate See also:

• SILICA

Silica . be found dispersed through the coprolites, and sometimes the bones of small ichthyosauri, which were apparently a See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to the larger marine saurians .

Coprolites have been found at Lyme Regis, enclosed by the ribs of ichthyosauri, and in the remains of several See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish; also in the abdominal cavities of a species of fossil fish, Macropoma Mantelli, from the See also:

• CHALK

chalk of See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes . See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor T . See also:

• JAGER, GUSTAV (1832– )

Jager has described coprolites from the See also:

• ALUM

alum-See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate of Gaildorf in See also:

• WURTTEMBERG

Wurttemberg; the fish-coprolites of Burdiehouse and of See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle-under-Lyme are of Carboniferous See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . The so-called " See also:

• BEETLE (O. Eng. bityl; connected with " bite ")

beetle-stones " of the See also:

• COAL

coal-formation of See also:

• NEWHAVEN

Newhaven, near See also:

• LEITH

Leith, which have mostly a coprolite See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus, have been applied to various ornamental purposes by lapidaries . The name " cololites " (from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek K&JXov, the large intestine, TiOos, See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone) was given by See also:

• AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER EMANUEL (1835-191o)
• AGASSIZ, JEAN LOUIS RODOLPHE (1807-1893)

Agassiz to fossil wormlike bodies, found in the lithographic slate of Solenhofen, which he determined to be either the petrified intestines or contents of the intestines of fishes . The bone-See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of Axmouth in See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West-See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

bury and Aust in Gloucestershire, in the See also:

• PENARTH

Penarth or See also:

• RHAETIC (Fr. Rhetien or Rhcetien; Ger. Rhdt or Rhktisch; It. Retico)

Rhaetic See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of strata, contains the scales, teeth and bones of saurians and fishes, together with abundance of coprolites; but neither there nor at Lyme Regis is there a sufficient quantity of phosphatic material to render the working of it for agricultural purposes remunerative . The See also:

• TERM

term coprolites has been made to include all kinds of phosphatic nodules employed as See also:

• MANURES

manures, such, for example, as those obtained from the Coralline and the Red See also:

• CRAG (a Celtic word, cf. Gael. creag, Manx creg, and Welsh and modern Scots craig)

Crag of See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk . At the See also:

• BASE

base of the Red Crag in that See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county is a bed, 3 to 18 in. thick, containing rolled fossil bones, cetacean and fish teeth, and shells of the Crag See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, with nodules or pebbles of phosphatic matter derived from the See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay, and often investing fossils from that formation . These are distinguishable from the grey Chalk coprolites by their brownish ferruginous colour •and smooth See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . When ground they give a yellowish-red See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder . These nodules were at first taken by Professor J . S .

See also:

• HENSLOW, JOHN STEVENS (1796-1861)

Henslow for coprolites; they were afterwards termed by Buckland " pseudo-coprolites." " The nodules, having been imbued with phosphatic matter from their See also:

• MATRIX

matrix in the London Clay, were dislodged," says Buckland, " by the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the seas of the first period, and accumulated by myriads at the bottom of those shallow seas where is now the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Suffolk . Here they were long rolled together with the bones of large See also:

• MAMMALIA (from Lat. mamma, a teat or breast)

mammalia, fishes, and with the shells of molluscous creatures that lived in shells . From the bottom of this See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea they have been raised to form the dry lands along the shores of Suffolk, whence they are now extracted as articles of commercial value, being ground to powder in the See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills of Mr [afterwards See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John] See also:

• LAWES, HENRY (1595-1662)
• LAWES, SIR JOHN BENNET, BART

Lawes, at See also:

• DEPTFORD

Deptford, to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply our farms with a valuable substitute for See also:

• GUANO (a Spanish word from the Peruvian huanu, dung)

guano, under the accepted name of coprolite manure." The phosphatic nodules occurring throughout the Red Crag of Suffolk are regarded as derived from the Coralline Crag . The Suffolk beds have been worked since 1846; and, immense quantities of coprolite have also been obtained from See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk and See also:

• CAMBRIDGESHIRE

Cambridgeshire . The Cambridgeshire coprolites are believed to be derived from deposits of See also:

• GAULT

Gault age; they are obtained by washing from a stratum about a See also:

• FOOT

foot thick, resting on the Gault, at the base of the Chalk See also:

• MARL (from O. Fr. marle, Late Lat. margila, dim. of marga; cf. Du. and Ger. Mergel)

Marl, and probably homotaxeous with the Chloritic Marl . An See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre used to yield on an See also:

• AVERAGE

average 300 tons of phosphatic nodules, value £750 . About £140 per acre was paid for the See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease of the See also:

• LAND

land, which after two years was restored to its owners re-soiled and levelled . Plicatulae have been found attached to these coprolites, showing that they were already hard bodies when lying at the bottom of the Chalk ocean . The Cambridgeshire coprolites are either amorphous or See also:

• FINGER

finger-shaped; the coprolites from the See also:

• GREENSAND

Greensand are of a black or dark-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown colour; while those from the Gault are greenish-See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white on the surface, brownish-black internally . Samples of Cambridgeshire and Suffolk coprolite have been found by A . Voelcker to give on analysis phosphoric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to about 55 and 52.5% of tribasic calcium phosphate respectively (Journ . R .

Agric . See also:

• SOC

Soc . Eng., 1860, xxi . 358) . The following analysis of a sauriocoprolite from Lyme Regis is given by T . J . Herapath (ibid. xii . 91) : 3'976 2.00I 2.026 28.12I . not determined 53'996 0.423 . 1.276 6.182 • 0.733 98.734 An ichthyo-coprolite from See also:

• TENBY

Tenby was found to contain 15.4% of phosphoric anhydride . The pseudo-coprolites of the Suffolk Crag have been estimated by Herapath to be as See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in See also:

• PHOSPHATES

phosphates as the true ichthyo-coprolites and saurio-coprolites of other formations, the proportion of P2O5 contained varying between 12'5 and 37.25%, the average proportion, however, being 32 or 33% . Coprolitt is reduced to powder by powerful mills of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar construction, furnished with See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and buhrstones, before being treated with concentrated sulphuric acid . The acid renders it available as a manure by converting the calcium phosphate, Ca8P2O8, that it contains into the soluble monocalcium See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt, CaH4P2O8, or " superphosphate." The phosphate thus produced forms an efficacious See also:

• TURNIP

turnip manure, and is quite equal in value to that produced from any other source .

The Chloritic Marl in the See also:

• WEALDEN

Wealden See also:

• DISTRICT

district furnishes much phosphatic material, which has been extensively worked at Froyle . In the vicinity of See also:

• FARNHAM

Farnham it contains a bed of " coprolites " of considerable extent and 2 to 15 ft. in thickness . Specimens of these from the Dippen See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall pits, analysed by Messrs J . M . See also:

• PAINE, ROBERT TREAT (1731–1814)
• PAINE, THOMAS (1737–1809)

Paine and J . T . Way, showed the presence of phosphates equivalent to 55.96 of bone-See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth (Journ . R . Agric . Soc . Eng. ix .. 56) .

Phosphatic nodules occur also in the Chloritic Marl of the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight and See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, and at Wroughton, near See also:

• SWINDON

Swindon . They are found in the See also:

• LOWER

Lower Greensand, or Upper Neocomian series, in the Atherfield Clay at Stopham, near Pulborough; occasionally at the junction of the See also:

• HYTHE

Hythe and See also:

• SANDGATE

Sandgate beds; and in the Folkeston beds, at Farnham . At See also:

• WOBURN

Woburn, See also:

• LEIGHTON, FREDERICK LEIGHTON, BARON (183o–1896)
• LEIGHTON, ROBERT (161x—1684)

Leighton, See also:

• AMPTHILL
• AMPTHILL, ODO WILLIAM LEOPOLD RUSSELL, 1ST BARON (18'29-1884)

Ampthill, Sandy, Upware, Wicken and Potton, near the base of Upper Neocomian See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-sands, there is a See also:

• BAND

band between 6 in. and 2 ft. in thickness containing " coprolites "; these consist of phosphatized See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, bones, casts of shells, and shapeless lumps . The coprolitic stratum of the Speeton Clay, on the coast to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Flamborough See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head, is included by Professor See also:

• JUDD, SYLVESTER (1813–1853)

Judd with the See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland beds of that formation . In 1864 two phosphatic deposits, a See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone 3 ft. thick, with beds of calcium phosphate, and a shale of See also:

• HALF

half that thickness, were discovered by See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones in the neighbourhood of Cwmgynen, about 16 m. from See also:

• OSWESTRY

Oswestry . They are at a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of about 12 ft., in slaty shale containing Llandeilo fossils and contemporaneous felspathic ash and scoriae . A specimen of the phosphatic limestone analysed by A . Voelcker yielded 34.92% tricalcium phosphate, a specimen of the shale 52'15% (See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report of Brit . Assoc., 1865) . Phosphatic beds, sup-posed to have had a coprolitic origin, are found in the Lower See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian rocks of See also:

• CANADA

Canada . See T . J .

Herapath, Chem . Gaz., 1849, p . 449; W . Buckland, See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology and See also:

• MINERALOGY

Mineralogy (4th ed., 1869) ; O . See also:

• FISHER
• FISHER, ALVAN (1792–1863)
• FISHER, GEORGE PARK (1827-1909)
• FISHER, JOHN (c. 1469-1535)
• FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST BARON

Fisher, Quart . Journ . Geol . Soc., 1873, p . 52; J . J . H . Teall, On the See also:

• PATTON, FRANCIS LANDEY (1843- )

Patton and Wicken Phosphatic Deposits (See also:

• SEDGWICK, ADAM (1785-1873)
• SEDGWICK, JOHN (1813–1864)

Sedgwick See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

Prize See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay for 1873) (1875) and " The Natural See also:

• HISTORY

History of Phosphatic Deposits," Proc .

Geol . Assoc. xvi . (1900) ; L . W . Collet, Proc . See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy . Soc . Edin. See also:

• XXV

xxv. pt. ro, p . 862: T . G . See also:

• BONNEY, THOMAS GEORGE (1833— )

Bonney, Cambridgeshire Geology (1875); L . See also:

• GRUNER, GOTTLIEB SIGMUND (1717-1778)

Gruner, See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull. soc. geol. See also:

• FRANC

franc. See also:

• XXVIII

xxviii .

(2nd series), p . 62; J . See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin, ibid. iii . (3rd series), p . 273 .