See also:

• CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, Lat. Corcyra)

CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, See also:

• LAT

Lat. Corcyra)  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• GREECE

Greece, in the Ionian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• ALBANIA

Albania or See also:

• EPIRUS, or EPEIRUS

Epirus, from which it is separated by a strait varying in breadth from less than 2 to about 15 M . The name See also:

• CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, Lat. Corcyra)

Corfu is an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian corruption of the See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine Kopv4 ,, which is derived from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Kopv¢at (crests) . In shape it is not unlike the sickle (drepane), to which it was compared by the ancients,--the hollow See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, with the See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Corfu in the centre, being turned towards the Albanian coast . Its extreme length is about 40 M. and its greatest breadth about 20 . The See also:

• AREA

area is estimated at 227 sq. m., and the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population in 1907 was 99,571, of whom 28,254 were in the town and suburbs of Corfu . Two high and well-defined ranges See also:

• DIVIDE

divide the island into three districts, of which the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern is mountainous, the central undulating and the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-lying . The most important of the two ranges is that of See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)

Salvador, probably the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Istone, which stretches See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west from Cape St Angelo to Cape St Stefano, and attains its greatest See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 3300 ft. in the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit from which it takes its name . The second culminates in the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain of Santi Tieca, or See also:

• SANTA

Santa Decca, as it is called by misinterpretation of the Greek designation of "Awn See also:

• AKKA (TIKKI-TI%II)

AkKa, or the Ten See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

Saints . The whole island, composed as it is of various See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone formations, presents See also:

• GREAT

great diversity of See also:

• SURFACE

surface, and the prospects from the more elevated spots are magnificent . Corfu is generally considered the most beautiful of all the Greek isles, but the prevalence of the See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive gives some monotony to its colouring . It is worthy of remark that See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer names, as adorning the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden of See also:

• ALCINOUS
• ALCINOUS (ALKINoos)

Alcinous, seven See also:

• PLANTS

plants only—See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild olive, oil olive, See also:

• PEAR (Pyrus communis)

pear, See also:

• POMEGRANATE

pomegranate, See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple, fig and See also:

• VINE

vine . Of these the apple and the pear are now very inferior in Corfu; the others thrive well and are accompanied by all the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit trees known in southern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, with addition of the See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese See also:

• MEDLAR

medlar(or See also:

• LOQUAT, JAPANESE PLUM

loquat), and, in some spots, of the See also:

• BANANA

banana .

When undisturbed by cultivation, the See also:

• MYRTLE

myrtle, arbutus, See also:

• BAY

bay and ilex See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich brushwood and the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• FLORA

flora of the island is extensive . The See also:

• COMMON

common form of See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure is the colonic per petua, by which the landlord grants a See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease to the See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant and his heirs for ever, in return for a See also:

• RENT

rent, payable in See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, and fixed at a certain proportion of the produce . Of old, a tenant thus obtaining See also:

• HALF

half the produce to himself was held to be co-owner of the See also:

• SOIL

soil to the extent of one-See also:

• FOURTH

fourth; and if he had three-fourths of the See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop, his ownership came to one-half . Such a tenant could not be expelled except for non-See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment, See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad culture or the See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer of his lease without the landlord's consent . Attempts have been made to prohibit so embarrassing a See also:

• SYSTEM

system; but as it is preferred by the agriculturists, the existing See also:

• LAWS

laws permit it . The portion of the olive crop due to the landlord, whether by colonia or See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary lease, is paid, not according to the actual See also:

• HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest, but in keeping with the estimates of valuators mutually appointed, who, just before the fruit is ripe, calculate how much each See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree will probably yield . The large old fiefs (baronie) in Corfu, as in the other islands, have See also:

• LEFT

left their traces in the form of quit-rents (known in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland by the name of See also:

• FEU

feu-duties), generally equal to one-tenth of the produce . But they have been much subdivided, and the vassals may by See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law redeem them . Single olive trees of first quality yield sometimes as much as 2 gallons of oil, and this with little trouble or expense beyond the See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting and pressing of the fallen fruit . The trees grow unrestrained, and some are not less than three See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years old . The vineyards are laboured by the broad See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart-shaped See also:

• HOE (through Fr. houe from O.H.G. houwd, mod. Ger. Haue; the root is seen in " hew," to cut, cleave; the word must be distinguished from " hoe," promontory, tongue of land, seen in place names, e.g. Morthoe, Luton Hoo, the Hoe at Plymouth, &c. ; this is t
• HOE, RICHARD MARCH (1812-1886)

hoe . The vintage begins on the festival of Santa Croce, or the 26th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September (O.S.) .

None of the Corfu wines is much exported . The See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital is the only See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city or town of much extent in the island; but there are a number of villages, such as Benizze, Gasturi, Ipso, Glypho, with populations varying from 300 to 1000 . Near Gasturi stands the Achilleion, the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace built for the Empress See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, and See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased in 1907 by the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William II . The town of Corfu stands on the broad See also:

• PART

part of a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, whose termination in the citadel is cut from it by an artificial See also:

• FOSSE (or Foss) WAY

fosse formed in a natural See also:

• GULLY, JOHN (1783-1863)

gully, with a See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt-See also:

• WATER

water ditch at the bottom . Having grown up within fortifications, where every See also:

• FOOT

foot of ground was See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious, it is mostly, in spite of See also:

• RECENT

recent improvements, a See also:

• LABYRINTH (Gr. Xa(3vpcvOos, Lat. labyrinthus)

labyrinth of narrow, tortuous, up-and-down streets, accommodating themselves to the irregularities of the ground, few of them See also:

• FIT

fit for See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel carriages . There is, however, a handsome esplanade between the town and the citadel, and a See also:

• PROMENADE

promenade by the seashore towards Castrades . The palace, built by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland (?1759–1824; See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord high See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the Ionian Islands, 1815), is a large structure of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white Maltese See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . In several parts of the town may be found houses of the Venetian See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, with some traces of past splendour, but they are few, and are giving See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to structures in the See also:

• MODERN

modern and more convenient See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . Of the See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-seven Greek churches the most important are the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, dedicated to Our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady of the See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

Cave (i7 IIavayta E1rnXawrw-oa); St Spiridion's, with the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of the island; and the suburban See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• JASON ('Iaacov)

Jason and St Sosipater, reputed the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest in the island . The city is the seat of a Greek and a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop; and it possesses a gymnasium, a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, an agricultural and See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial society, and a library and museum preserved in the buildings formerly devoted to the university, which was founded by See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North, 5th See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• GUILFORD
• GUILFORD, BARONS AND EARLS OF

Guilford (1766–1827, himself the first See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor in 1824,) in 1823, but disestablished on the cessation of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate . There are three suburbs of some importance—Castrades, Manduchio and San Rocco . The old fortifications of the town, being so extensive as to require a force of from 1o,000 to 20,000 troops to See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man them, were in great part thrown down by the English, and a simpler See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan adopted, limiting the defences to the island of Vido and the old citadel; these are now dismantled .

See also:

• HISTORY

History.—According to the See also:

• LOCAL

local tradition Corcyra was the Homeric island of Scheria, and its earliest inhabitants the Phaeacians . At a date no doubt previous to the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse it was peopled by settlers from See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth, but it appears to have previously received a stream of emigrants from See also:

• ERETRIA (mod. Aletria)

Eretria . The splendid commercial position of Corcyra on the See also:

• HIGHWAY

highway between Greece and the West favoured its rapid growth, and, influenced perhaps by the presence of non-Corinthian settlers, its See also:

• PEOPLE

people, quite contrary to the usual practice of Corinthian colonies, maintained an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent and even hostile attitude towards the See also:

• MOTHER

mother city . This opposition came to a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early part of the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when their fleets fought the first See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• BATTLE

battle recorded in Greek history (about 664 B.c.) . These hostilities ended in the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of Corcyra by the Corinthian See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant See also:

• PERIANDER (Gr. IIepiavSpos)

Periander (c . 600), who induced his new subjects to join in the colonization of See also:

• APOLLONIA

Apollonia and Anactorium . The island soon regained its See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence and henceforth devoted itself to a purely See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile policy . During the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian invasion of 48o it manned the second largest Greek See also:

• FLEET

fleet (6o See also:

• SHIPS

ships), but took no active part in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . In 435 it was again involved in a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with Corinth and sought assistance from See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens . This new See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance was one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief immediate causes of the Peloponnesian War (q.v.), in which Corcyra was of considerable use to the Athenians as a naval station, but did not render much assistance with its fleet . The island was nearly lost to Athens by two attempts of the oligarchic See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction to effect a revolution; on each occasion the popular party ultimately won the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and took a most bloody revenge on its opponents (427 and 425) . During the Sicilian See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of Athens Corcyra served as a See also:

• BASE

base for supplies; after a third abortive rising of the oligarchs in 410 it practically withdrew from the war .

In 395 it again joined the Athenian alliance; two years later it was besieged by a Lacedaemonian armament, but in spite of the devastation of its flourishing countryside held out successfully until See also:

• RELIEF

relief was at See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . In the Hellenistic See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period Corcyra was exposed to attack from several sides; after a vain See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege by See also:

• CASSANDER (c. 350—297 B.C.)
• CASSANDER (or CASSANT), GEORGE (1513-1566)

Cassander it was occupied in turn by See also:

• AGATHOCLES (361—289 B.C.)

Agathocles and See also:

• PYRRHUS (c. 318–272 B.C.)

Pyrrhus . It subsequently See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of Illyrian corsairs, until in 229 it was delivered by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, who retained it as a naval station and gave it the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . In 31 B.C. it served Octavian (See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus) as a base against Antony . Eclipsed by the foundation of See also:

• NICOPOLIS, or ACTIA NICOPOLIS

Nicopolis, Corcyra for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long time passed out of See also:

• NOTICE

notice . With the rise of the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom in See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily and the Italian naval See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, it again became a frequent See also:

• OBJECT

object of attack . In 1o8r–ro85 it was held by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Guiscard, in 1147-1154 by See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger II. of Sicily . During the break-up of the Later Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire it was occupied by Genoese privateers (1197–1207) who in turn were expelled by the Venetians . In 1214–1259 it passed to the Greek despots of Epirus, and in 1267 became a See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Neapolitan See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou . Under the latter's weak See also:

• RULE

rule the island suffered considerably from the inroads of various adventurers ; hence in 1386 it placed itself under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, which in 1401 acquired formal See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty over it . Corcyra remained in Venetian hands till 1797, though several times assailed by See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish armaments and subjected to two notable sieges in 1536 and 1716-1718, in which the great natural strength of the city again asserted itself . The Venetian feudal families pursued a mild but somewhat enervating policy towards the natives, who began to See also:

• MERGE

merge their See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality in that of the Latins and adopted for the island the new name of Corfu .

The Corfiotes were encouraged to enrich themselves by the cultivation of the olive, but were debarred from entering into commercial competition with Venice . The island served as a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for Greek scholars, and in 1732 became the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home of the first See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of modern Greece, but no serious impulse to Greek thought came from this See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter . By the treaty of Campo Formio Corfu was ceded to the French, who occupied it for two years, until they were expelled by a Russo-Turkish armament (1799) . For a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time it became the capital of a self-governing federation of the Hephtanesos (" Seven Islands ") ; in 1807 its faction-ridden See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was again replaced by a French See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, and in 1809 it was vainly besieged by a See also:

• BRITISH

British fleet . When, by the treaty of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 5, 1815, the Ionian Islands were placed under the protectorate of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, Corfu became the seat of the British high commissioner . The British commissioners, who were practically autocrats in spite of the retention of the native See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate and See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly, introduced a strict method of government which brought about a decided improvement in the material prosperity of the island, but by its very strictness displeased the natives . In 1864 it was, with the other Ionian Islands, ceded to the kingdom of Greece, in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants . The island has again become an important point of See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call and has a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in olive oil; under a more careful system of tillage the value of its agricultural products might be largely increased . Corfu contains very few and unimportant remains of antiquity . The site of the ancient city of Corcyra(KipKvpa) is wellascertained, about 12 m. to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-east of Corfu, upon the narrow piece of ground between the sea-See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake of Calichiopulo and the Bay of Castrades, in each of which it had a See also:

• PORT

port . The circular tomb of Menecrates, with its well-known inscription, is on the Bay of Castrades . Under the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill of See also:

• ASCENSION
• ASCENSION, FEAST OF THE

Ascension are the remains of a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, popularly called of See also:

• NEPTUNE
• NEPTUNE (Lat. NEPTUNUS)

Neptune, a very See also:

• SIMPLE

simple Doric structure, which still in its mutilated state presents some peculiarities of See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture .

Of Cassiope, the only other city of ancient importance, the name is still preserved by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Cassopo, and there are some See also:

• RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude remains of See also:

• BUILDING

building on the site; but the temple of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius for which it was celebrated has totally disappeared . Throughout the island there are numerous monasteries and other buildings of Venetian erection, of which the best known are Paleocastrizza, San Salvador and Pelleka .