See also:

• CORMORANT (from the Lat. corvus marinus,' through the Fr., in some patois of which it is still " cor marin "; in certain Ital. dialects are the forms " corvo marin " or " corvo marino ")

CORMORANT (from the See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• CORVUS, MARCUS VALERIUS (c. 370–270 B.C.)

corvus See also:

• MARINUS

marinus,' through the Fr., in some See also:

• PATOIS

patois of which it is still " See also:

• COR

cor marin "; in certain Ital. dialects are the forms " corvo marin " or " corvo See also:

• MARINO

marino ")  , a large See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl belonging to the genus Phalacrocorax 2 (See also:

• CARBO

Carbo, Halieus and Graculus of some ornithologists), and that See also:

• GROUP

group of the Linnaean See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Anseres, now partly generally recognized by Illiger's See also:

• TERM

term Steganopodes, of which it with its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies forms a See also:

• FAMILY

family Phalacrocoracidae . The See also:

• CORMORANT (from the Lat. corvus marinus,' through the Fr., in some patois of which it is still " cor marin "; in certain Ital. dialects are the forms " corvo marin " or " corvo marino ")

cormorant (P. carbo) frequents almost all the sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and breeds in See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies at various stations, most generally on steep cliffs, but occasionally on rocky islands as well as on trees . The See also:

• NEST

nest consists of a large See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of sea-See also:

• WEED, THURLOW (1797—1882)

weed, and, with the ground immediately surrounding it, generally looks as though bespattered with whitewash, from the excrement of the See also:

• BIRD

bird, which lives entirely on See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish . The eggs, from four to six in number, are small, and have a thick, soft, calcareous See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell, bluish-See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white when first laid, but soon becoming discoloured . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young are hatched See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind, and covered with an inky-See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black skin . They remain for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the squab-See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition, and are then highly esteemed for See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food by the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern islanders, their flesh being said to See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste as well as a roasted See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

hare's . Their first plumage is of a sombre brownish-black above, and more or less white beneath . They take two or three years to assume the fully adult ' Some authors, following See also:

• CAIUS
• CAIUS [Anglice KEES, KEYS, etc.], JOHN (1510-1573)

Caius, derive the word from corms vorans and spell it corvorant, but doubtless wrongly . 2 So spelt since the days of See also:

• GESNER
• GESNER, ABRAHAM (1797-1864)
• GESNER, JOHANN MATTHIAS (1691—1761)

Gesner; but possibly Phalarocorax would be more correct . I2 See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, which is deep black, glossed above with See also:

• BRONZE

bronze, and varied in the. breeding-See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season with white on the cheeks and flanks, besides being adorned by filamentary feathers on the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, and further set off by a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright yellow gape . The old cormorant looks nearly as big as a See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose, but is really much smaller; its flesh is quite uneatable . Taken when young from the nest, this bird is easily tamed and can be trained to fish for its keeper, as was of old time commonly done in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the cormorants was one of the See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of the royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household .

Nowadays the practice is nearly obsolete . When taken out to furnish See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport, a strap is fastened See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the bird's See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck so as, without impeding its breath, to hinder it from swallowing its captures.' Arrived at the waterside, it is See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast off . It at once dives and darts along the bottom as swiftly as an arrow in quest of its See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey, rapidly scanning every hole or See also:

• POOL

pool . A fish is generally seized within a few seconds of its being sighted, and as each is taken the bird rises to the See also:

• SURFACE

surface with its See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture in its See also:

• BILL

bill . It does not take much longer to dispose of the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize in the dilatable skin of its See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat so far as the strap will allow, and the pursuit is recommenced until the bird's gular pouch, capacious as it is,. will hold no more . It then returns to its keeper, who has been anxiously watching and encouraging its movements, and a little manipulation of its neck effects the delivery of the See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty . It may then be let loose again, or, if considered to have done its See also:

• WORK

work, it is fed and restored to its See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

perch . The activity the bird displays under See also:

• WATER

water is almost incredible to those who. have not seen its performances, and in a shallow See also:

• RIVER

river scarcely a fish escapes its keen eyes, and sudden turns, except by taking See also:

• REFUGE

refuge under a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone or See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root, or in the mud that may be stirred up during the operation, and so avoiding observation (see Salvin and See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman, See also:

• FALCONRY (Fr. fauconnerie, from Late Lat. falco, falcon)

Falconry, 1859) . Nearly allied to the cormorant, and having much the same habits, is the shag, or See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green cormorant of some writers (P. graculus) . The shag (which name in many parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world is used in a generic sense) is, however, about one-See also:

• FOURTH

fourth smaller in linear dimensions, is much more glossy in plumage, and its nuptial embellishment is a nodding plume instead of the white patches of the cormorant . The easiest diagnostic on examination will be found to be the number of tail-feathers, which in the former are fourteen and in the shag twelve . The latter, too, is more marine in the localities it frequents, scarcely ever entering fresh or indeed inland See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters .

In the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of Europe a much smaller See also:

• SPECIES

species (P. pygmaeus) is found.' This is almost entirely a fresh-water bird, and is not uncommon on the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube . Other species, to the number perhaps of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty or more, have been discriminated from other parts of the world, but all have a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general similarity to one another . New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand and the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west coast of northern See also:

• AMERICA

America are particularly See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in birds of this genus, and the species found there are the most beautifully decorated of any . All, however, are remarkable for their curiously-formed feet, the four toes of each being connected by a, See also:

• WEB (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Du. webbe, Dan. vaev, Ger. Gewebe, all from the Teutonic wabh—to weave)

web, for their See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long stiff tails, and for the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence, in the adult, of any exterior nostrils . When gorged, or when the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide precludes fishing, they are fond of sitting on an elevated perch, often with extended wings, and in this attitude they will remain motionless for a considerable time, as though See also:

• HANGING

hanging themselves out to dry . It was perhaps this peculiarity that struck the observation of See also:

• MILTON
• MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)

Milton, and prompted his well-known similitude of Satan to a cormorant (Farad . Lost, iv . 194); but when not thus behaving they them-selves provoke the more homely comparison of a See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of black bottles . Their voracity is proverbial . (A .