See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

CORONATION (See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

corona, See also:

• CROWN

crown)  , a solemnity whereby sovereigns are inaugurated in See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . In pre-See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian times in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king or ruler, upon his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election, was raised on a See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield, and, See also:

• STANDING

standing upon it, was See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne on the shoulders of certain of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief men of the tribe, or nation, See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the assembled See also:

• PEOPLE

people . This was called the gyratio, and it was usually performed three times . At its conclusion a See also:

• SPEAR (O. Eng. spere, O. H. Ger. sper, mod. Ger. speer, &c., cf. Lat. sparrs; probably related to " spar, " a beam)

spear was placed in the king's See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and the diadem, a richly wrought See also:

• BAND

band of See also:

• SILK

silk or See also:

• LINEN

linen, which must not be confused with the See also:

• CROWN

crown (see CROWN AND CORONET), was See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound round his forehead, as a token of See also:

• REGAL

regal authority . When Europe became Christian, a religious service of See also:

• BENEDICTION (Lat. benedictio, from benedicere, to bless)

benediction was added to the older See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, which, however, was not abandoned . Derived from the Teutons, the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks continued the gyratio, and See also:

• CLOVIS [Chlodovech] (c. 466-511)

Clovis, See also:

• SIGEBERT (d. 575)

Sigebert, See also:

• PIPPIN, or PEPIN

Pippin and others were thus elevated to the royal See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate . From a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of the old See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom with the religious service, the later See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation ceremonies were gradually See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . In the ceremonial procession of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English king from the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower to See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster (first abandoned at the coronation of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II.), in the subsequent See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of the king into what was known as the See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair in Westminster See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, and in the showing of the king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to the people, as also in the universal practice of delivering a See also:

• SCEPTRE

sceptre to the new ruler, traces, it is thought, may be detected of the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• FUNCTION

function . The added religious service was naturally derived from the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, where mention is frequently made, in the Old Testament, of the See also:

• ANOINTING

anointing and crowning of See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings . The anointing of the king soon came to be regarded as the most important, if not essential, feature of the service . By virtue of the See also:

• UNCTION (Lat. unctio, anointing, ungere, unguere, to smear with ointment, to anoint; cf. " ointment," O.Fr. oignement, from oigner, mod. oindre, to anoint)

unction which he received, the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign was regarded, in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, as a mixta persona, in See also:

• PART

part a See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, and in part a layman . It was a See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange theory,' and Lyndwode, the See also:

• GREAT

great English canonist, is cautious as to it, and was content to say that it was the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of some people .

It gained very wide See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance, and the anointed sovereign was generally regarded as, in some degree, possessed of the priestly See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . By virtue of the unction he had received, the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor was made a See also:

• CANON

canon of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Lateran and of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and also of the collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of Aachen, while the king of France was premier chanoine of the primatial church of See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, and held canonries at See also:

• EMBRUN

Embrun, Le Mans, See also:

• MONTPELLIER

Montpellier, St Poi-de-See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon, See also:

• LODEVE

Lodeve, and other See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral churches in France . There are, moreover, trustworthy records that, on more than one occasion, a king of France, habited in a See also:

• SURPLICE (Late Lat. superpelliceum; Fr. super, over, and pellis, fur; Span. sobrepellice; Fr. surplis; in Ital. cotta and Ger. Chorrock, choir coat)

surplice and See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir See also:

• ROBES (Fr. robe, Late Lat. roba, raupa, meaning (1)

robes„ took part with the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy in the services of some of those churches . Martene quotes an See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, which directs that at the imperial coronation at Rome, the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope ought to sing the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass, the emperor read the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

gospel, and the king of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, or if See also:

• PRESENT

present the king of France, the See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle . Nothing like this was known in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and a theory, which has prevailed of See also:

• LATE

late, that the English sovereign is, in a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal sense, canon of St See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David's, is based on a misconception . The canonry in question was attached to St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College at St David's before the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, and, at the See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution of the college, became crown See also:

• PROPERTY

property, which it has remained ever since; but the king of England is not, and never was personally, a canon of St David's, nor did he ever perform any quasi-clerical function . At first a single anointing on the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head was the practice, but afterwards other parts of the See also:

• BODY

body, as the See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast, arms, shoulders and hands received the unction . From a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West three kinds of oil have been blessed each See also:

• YEAR

year on Maundy See also:

• THURSDAY

Thursday, the oil of the catechumens, the oil of the sick, and the See also:

• CHRISM (through Lat. chrisma, from Gr. xpavua, an anointing substance, Xpiew , to anoint; through a Romanic form cresma comes the Fr. creme, and Eng. " cream ")

chrism . The last, a See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound of See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive oil and See also:

• BALSAM (from Gr. f &X raµov, through Lat. balsamum, contracted by popular use to O. Fr. basme, mod. Fr. bdme; Eng. balm)

balsam, is only used for the most sacred purposes, and the oil of the catechumens was that used for the unction of kings . In France, however, a See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend gained See also:

• CREDENCE, or CREDENCE TABLE

credence that, as a See also:

• SPECIAL

special sign of divine favour, the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

Dove had miraculously descended from See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven, bearing a See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel (afterwards called the Sainte Ampoule), containing holy oil, and had placed it on the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar for the coronation of Clovis . A drop of oil from the Sainte Ampoule mixed with chrism was afterwards used for anointing the kings of France . Similarly the chrism was introduced into English coronations, for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time probably at the coronation of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward II .

To See also:

• RIVAL

rival the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story another See also:

• MIRACLE (Lat. miraculum, from mirari, to wonder)

miracle was related that the Virgin Mary had appeared to See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BECKET, THOMAS (c. 1118—1170)

Becket, and had given him a vessel with holy oil, which at some future period was to be used for the sacring of the English king . A full See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of this miracle, and the subsequent finding of the vessel, is contained in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter written in 1318 by Pope John XXII. to Edward II . The chrism was used in addition to the holy oil . The king was first anointed with the oil, and then signed on the head with the chrism . In all other countries the oil of the catechumens was alone used . In consequence of the use of chrism the kings of England and France were thought to be able to cure See also:

• SCROFULA (Lat. for " little sow "), or STJTMA

scrofula by the See also:

• IMPOSITION (from Lat. imponere, to place or lay upon)

imposition of their hands, and hence arose the practice in those countries of touching for the king's evil, as it was called . In England the chrism disappeared at the Reformation, but touching for the evil was continued till the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover in 1714 . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest of all existing rituals for the coronation of a king is contained in what is known as the Pontifical of Egbert, who was See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York in the middle of the 8th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The coronation service in it is entitled Missa See also:

• PRO

pro rege in See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die benedictionis ejus, and the coronation ceremony is interpolated in the middle of the mass . After the Gospel the officiant recites some prayers of benediction, and then pours oil from a See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn on the king's head, while the See also:

• ANTHEM

anthem " Zadok the priest," &c., is sung . After this the assembled bishops and nobles See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place a sceptre in the king's hands, while a form of intercessory benediction is recited . Then the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff (baculus) is delivered to him, and finally a See also:

• HELMET (from an obsolete diminutive of O. Fr. helme, mod. heaume; the English word is " helm," as in O. Eng., Dutch and Ger.; all are from the Teutonic base hal-, pre-Teut. kal-, to cover; cf. Lat. celare, to hide, Eng. " hell," &c.)

helmet (galea) is set upon his head, the whole See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly repeating thrice " May King N. live for ever .

See also:

• AMEN

Amen . Amen . Amen." The enthronement follows, with the kisses of See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage and of fealty, and the mass, with special prayers, is concluded . ' Another coronation service of Anglo-Saxon date bearing, but with no See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason, the name of /See also:

• ETHELRED

Ethelred IL, has also been preserved, and is of importance as it spread from England to the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent, and was used for the coronations of the kings of France . It differs from the Egbert form as the coronation precedes the mass, while the use of a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring, and the definite allusion to a crown (See also:

• CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

corona not galea) occur in it . Joined to it is the form for the coronation of a See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort . It may have been used for the crowning of Harold and of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Conqueror . A third English coronation form, of the See also:

• LATH (0. Eng. laett, Mid. Eng. lappe, a form possibly due to the Welsh llath; the word appears in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch lat, Ger. Latte, and has passed into Romanic, cf. Ital. latta, Fr. latte)

lath century, bears the name of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I., but also without good reason . The ceremonial is more fully developed, and the king is anointed on the head, breast, shoulders and elbows . The royal See also:

• MANTLE

mantle appears for the first time, as does the sceptre . The queen consort is to be crowned secundum ordinem Romanum, and the whole function precedes the mass . The See also:

• FOURTH

fourth and most important of all English coronation services is that of the See also:

• LIBER

Liber Regalis, a See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript still in the keeping of the See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of Westminster .

It was introduced in 1307, and continued in use till the Reformation, and, in an English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation and with the Communion service substituted for the Latin mass, it was used for the coronation of James I . In it the English coronation ceremonies reached their fullest development . The following is a See also:

• BARE

bare outline of its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main features: The ceremonies began the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day before the coronation, the king being ceremonially conducted in a procession from the Tower of See also:

• LONDON

London to Westminster . There he reposed for the See also:

• NIGHT

night, and was instructed by the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot as to the See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn obligations of the kingly office . Early next See also:

• MORNING

morning he went to Westminster Hall, and there, among other ceremonies, as rex regnaturus was elevated into a richly adorned seat on the king's See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench, called the Marble Chair . Then a procession with the See also:

• REGALIA (Lat. regalis, royal, from rex, king)

regalia was marshalled, and led into the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey church, the king wearing a cap of estate on his head, and supported by the bishops of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath and See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham . A See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform with thrones, &c., having been previously prepared under the See also:

• CROSSING

crossing, the king ascended it, and all being in order, the archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury called for the Recognition, after which the king, approaching the high altar, offered a See also:

• PALL

pall to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover it, and a See also:

• POUND
• POUND (2)—(a)

pound of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold . Then a See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon appropriate to the occasion was preached by one of the bishops, the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath was administered by the archbishop, and the Veni Creator and a See also:

• LITANY

litany were sung . Then the king was anointed with oil on his hands, breast, between the shoulders, on the shoulders, on the elbows, and on the head; finally he was anointed with the chrism on his head . Thus blessed and anointed, the king was vested, first with a silk See also:

• DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)

dalmatic, called the colobium sindonis, then a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TUNIC (0. Eng. tunice, tunical, taken, before the Norman con-quest, directly from Lat. tunica, of which the origin is unknown)

tunic, reaching to the ankles and See also:

• WOVEN

woven with great See also:

• GOLDEN

golden images before and behind, was put upon him . He then received the buskins (caligae), the sandals (sandalia), and spurs (calcaria), then the See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword and its See also:

• GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle; after this the See also:

• STOLE (Lat. stela and orarium, Fr. etole, It. stola, Sp. estola, Ger. Stela)

stole, and finally the royal mantle, four-square in shape and woven throughout with golden eagles . Thus vested, the crown of St Edward was set on his head, the ring placed on his See also:

• WEDDING

wedding See also:

• FINGER

finger, the gloves See also:

• DRAWN

drawn over his hands, and the golden sceptre; in form of an See also:

• ORB

orb and See also:

• CROSS

cross, delivered to him .

Lastly, the golden See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod with the dove at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top was placed in the king's See also:

• LEFT

left hand . Thus consecrated, vested and crowned, the king kissed the bishops who, assisted by the nobles, enthroned him, while the Te Deum was sung . When a queen consort was also crowned, that ceremony immediately followed, and the mass with special collect, epistle, gospel and See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface was said, and during it both king and queen received the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament in one See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind . At the conclusion the king retired to a convenient place, surrounded with curtains, where the great See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain took off certain of the robes, and substituted others for them, and the archbishop, still wearing his mass See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments, set other crowns on the heads of the king and queen, and with these they left the church . This service, in English, was used at the coronation of James I., See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth having been crowned with the Latin service . Little See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change was made till 1685, when it was considerably altered for the coronation of James- II . The Communion was necessarily omitted in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, but other changes were introduced quite needlessly by Archbishop See also:

• SANCROFT, WILLIAM (1616-1693)

Sancroft, and four years later the-old order was still more seriously changed, with the result that the revisions of 1685 and 1689 have grievously mutilated the service, by confusing the order of its different sections, while the meaning of the prayers has been completely changed for no apparent reason . Alterations since then have been verbal rather than essential, but at each subsequent coronation some feature has disappeared, the proper preface having been abandoned at the coronation of Edward VII . In connexion with the English coronation a number of claims to do certain services have sprung up, and before each coronation a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of claims in constituted, which investigates and adjudicates on the claims that are made . The most striking of all these services is that of the See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge made by the king's See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion, an office which has been hereditary in the See also:

• DYMOKE

Dymoke See also:

• FAMILY

family for many centuries . Immediately following the service in the church a banquet was held in Westminster Hall, during the first course of which the champion entered the hall on horseback, armed cap-dpie, with red, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue feathers in his helmet . He was supported by the high See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable on his right, and the See also:

• EARL

earl See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal on his left, both of whom were also mounted .

On his See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in the hall a See also:

• HERALD (O. Fr. heraut, herault; the origin is uncertain, but O.H.G. heren, to call, or hariwald, leader of an army, have been proposed; the Gr. equivalent is Kddpvi : Lat. praeco, caduceator, fetialis)

herald in front of him read the challenge, the words of which have not materially varied at any period, as follows: " If any See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, of what degree soever, high or See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low, shall deny or gainsay our sovereign See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord . . ., king of the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, defender of the faith (son and), next See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir unto our sovereign lord the last king deceased, to be the right heir to the imperial crown of this See also:

• REALM

realm of Great Britain and Ireland, or that he ought not to enjoy the same; here is his champion, who saith that he lieth, and is a false traitor, being ready in person to combat with him; and in this See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel will See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure his See also:

• LIFE

life against him, on what day soever he shall be appointed." The champion then threw down the See also:

• GAUNTLET (a diminutive of the Fr. gant, glove)

gauntlet . The challenge was again made in the centre of the hall, and a third time before the high table, at which the king was seated . The king then drank to the champion out of a See also:

• SILVER

silver-gilt See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup, with a cover, which he handed to him as his See also:

• FEE

fee . The banquet was last held, and the challenge made, at the coronation of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV. in 1821 . The champion's claim was admitted in 1902, but as there was no banquet the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of bearing the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of England was assigned to him . There is no See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of the challenge having been ever accepted . The revival of the western See also:

• EMPIRE

empire under See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne was marked by his coronation by the pope at Rome in the year Boo . His successors, for several centuries, went to Rome, where they received the imperial crown in St Peter's from the pope, the crown of See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy being conferred in the church of St See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

Ambrose (Sant' Ambrogio) at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, that of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy at See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles, and the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German crown, which came to be the most important of all, most commonly at See also:

• AIX

Aix-la-Chapelle . It must suffice to speak of the coronations at Rome and Aix-la-Chapelle . From Martene we learn the early form of the ceremony at Rome . The emperor was met at the silver See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of St Peter's, where the first coronation See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer was recited over him by the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Albano .

He was then conducted within the church, where in medio rotae majoris, the bishop of See also:

• PORTO

Porto said the second prayer . Thence the emperor went to the confessio of St Peter, where the litany was said, and there, or before the altar of St See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice, the bishop of See also:

• OSTIA

Ostia anointed him on the right See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm and between the shoulders . Then he ascended to the high altar, where the pope delivered the naked sword to him . This he flourished, and then sheathed in its See also:

• SCABBARD

scabbard . The pope then delivered the sceptre to the emperor, and placed the crown on his head . The ceremony was concluded by the coronation mass said by the pope . The custom of the emperors going to Rome to be crowned was last observed by See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III. in 1440, and after that the German coronation was alone celebrated . The form followed was mainly thus: the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors first met at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort, under the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency of the elector-archbishop of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, and, the election having been made, the emperor was led to the high altar of the cathedral and seated at it . He was then conducted to a See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery over the entrance to the choir, where, seating himself with the electors, See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation was made of the election, and on a subsequent day the coronation took place . If the coronation was performed, as it most commonly was, at Aix-la-Chapelle, then the archbishop of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, as diocesan, was the chief officiant, and the emperor was presented to him by the two other clerical electors, the archbishops of Mainz and See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier . The emperor was anointed on the head, the nape of the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck, the breast, the right arm between the See also:

• WRIST

wrist and the See also:

• ELBOW

elbow, and on the palms of both hands . After this, he was vested in what were called the imperial and pontifical robes, which included the buskins, a long See also:

• ALB (Lat. alba, from albus, white)

alb, the stole crossed priest-See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise over the breast, and the mantle .

The regalia were then delivered to him, and the crown was set on his head conjointly by the three archbishop-electors . Mass was then said, during which the emperor communicated in one kind . When the coronation was performed at Aix-la-Chapelle, the emperor was at once made, at its conclusion, a canon of the church . The coronation form in France See also:

• BORE

bore much resemblance, in its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general features, to the English coronation, and was, it is believed originally based on the English form . The unction was given, first on the top of the head in the form of a cross, on the breast, between the shoulders, and at the bending and See also:

• JOINTS

joints of both arms . Then, standing up, the king was vested in the dalmatic, tunic and royal robe, all of See also:

• PURPLE

purple See also:

• VELVET

velvet sprinkled with fleurs-de-lys of gold, and representing, it was said, the three orders of subdeacon, See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon and priest . Then, kneeling again, he was anointed in the palms of the hands, after which the gloves, ring and sceptre were delivered . Then the peers were summoned by name to come near and assist, and the archbishop of See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims, taking the crown of Charlemagne from the altar, set it on the king's head . Afterwhich the enthronement, and showing of the king to the people, took place . All the unctions were made with the chrism, mixed with a drop of oil from the Sainte Ampoule . After the enthronement, mass was said, and at its conclusion the king communicated in both kinds . The third day after the coronation, the king touched for the evil .

On the " 11 Frimaire an 13" See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon and See also:

• JOSEPHINE (MARIE ROSE JOSEPHINE TASCHER DE LA PAGERIE) (1763–1814)

Josephine were jointly crowned at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, by the pope . Napoleon entered Notre-See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame wearing a crown, and before him were carried the imperial ornaments, to wit: " la couronne de l'empereur, l'See also:

• EPEE

epee, la main de See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, le sceptre, le manteau de l'empereur, son anneau, son See also:

• COLLIER, ARTHUR (1680-1732)
• COLLIER, JEREMY (1650-1726)
• COLLIER, JOHN PAYNE (1789–1883)

collier, le globe imperial, la couronne de l'imperatrice, son manteau, son anneau." Each of these was blessed, and delivered with a benediction to the emperor and empres, kneeling, See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side by side, to receive them, both having previously received the unction on the head and on each hand . Napoleon placed the crown on his head himself . Mass with special prayers followed . In See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain the coronation ceremony never assumed the fullness, or magnificence, that might have been expected . It was usually performed at See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, or in the church of St See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, the king being anointed by the archbishop of Toledo . The royal ornaments were the sword, sceptre, crown of gold and the See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple of gold, which the king himself assumed after the unction . In See also:

• RECENT

recent years the unction and coronation have been disused . In See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden the king was anointed and crowned at See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala by the archbishop . The ceremony is now performed in the Storkyrka, at See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, where the archbishop of Upsala anoints the king on the breast, temples, forehead and palms of both hands . The crown is placed on the king's head by the archbishop and the See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of justice jointly, whereupon the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state marshal pro-claims: ` Now is crowned king of the Swedes, Goths and See also:

• WENDS

Wends, he and no other." When there is a queen consort, she is then anointed, crowned and proclaimed, in the same manner . In See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, according to the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of 1814, the coronation is performed in the cathedral at See also:

• TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes written in the German form Drontheim)

Trondhjem, when the Lutheran See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent, or bishop, anoints the king .

The crown is placed on the king's head jointly by the bishop and the See also:

• PRIME, PRIM