See also:

• CORPULENCE (Lat. corpus, body), or OBESITY (Lat. ob, against, and edere, to eat)

CORPULENCE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. corpus, See also:

• BODY

body), or OBESITY (Lat. ob, against, and edere, to eat)  , a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal See also:

• BODY

body characterized by the over-See also:

• ACCUMULATION (from Lat. accumulare, to heap up)

accumulation of See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat under the skin and around certain of the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• ORGANS

organs . In all healthy persons a greater or less amount of fat is See also:

• PRESENT

present in these parts, and serves important physiological ends, besides contributing to the proper configuration of the body (see See also:

• NUTRITION

NUTRITION) . Even a considerable measure of fatness, however inconvenient, is not inconsistent with a high degree of See also:

• HEALTH

health and activity, and it is only when in See also:

• GREAT

great excess or rapidly increasing that it can be regarded as a pathological See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state (see METABOLIC DISEASES) . The extent to which excess of fat may proceed is illustrated by numerous well-authenticated examples recorded in medical See also:

• WORKS

works, of which only a few can be here mentioned . Thus See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

Bright, a See also:

• GROCER

grocer of See also:

• MALDON

Maldon, in See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, who died in 1750, in his twenty-ninth See also:

• YEAR

year, weighed 616 lb . Dr F . Dancel (Traite de l'obesite, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1863) records the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of twenty-two, who died from excessive obesity, weighing 643 lb . In the Philosophical Transactions for 1813 a case is recorded of a girl of four years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age who weighed 256 lb . But the most celebrated case is that of See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel See also:

• LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON], JOHN (d. 1538)
• LAMBERT, DANIEL (1770-1809)
• LAMBERT, FRANCIS (c 1486-153o)
• LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH (1728–1777)
• LAMBERT, JOHN (1619-1694)

Lambert (q.v.) of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester, who died in 1809 in his fortieth year . He is said to have been the heaviest man that ever lived, his See also:

• WEIGHT

weight being 739 lb (52 St . II lb) . Health cannot be See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long maintained under excessive obesity, for the increase in bulk of the body, rendering exercise more difficult, leads to relaxation and defective nutrition of muscle, while the accumulations of fat in the See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest and See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen occasion serious embarrassment to the functions of the various organs in those cavities .

In See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general the See also:

• MENTAL

mental activity of the highly corpulent becomes impaired, although there have always been many notable exceptions to this See also:

• RULE

rule . Various causes are assigned for the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• CORPULENCE (Lat. corpus, body), or OBESITY (Lat. ob, against, and edere, to eat)

corpulence (see METABOLIC DISEASES) . In some families there exists an hereditary predisposition to an obese See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of body, the manifestation of which no precautions as to living appear capable of averting . But it is unquestionable that certain habits favour the occurrence of corpulence . A luxurious, inactive, or sedentary See also:

• LIFE

life, with over-See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence in See also:

• SLEEP (0. Eng. slcepan; Ger. schlafen; cf. Lat. labi, to glide, and " slip ")

sleep and See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of mental occupation, are well recognized predisposing causes . The more immediate exciting causes are over-feeding and the large use of fluids of any See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, but especially alcoholic liquors . Fat persons are not always great eaters, though many of them are, while leanness and inordinate appetite are not infrequently associated . Still, it may be stated generally that indulgence in See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, beyond what is requisite to repair daily See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste, goes towards the increase of flesh, particularly of fat . This is more especially the case when the non-nitrogenous (the fatty, saccharine and starchy) elements of the food are in excess . The want of adequate bodily exercise will in a similar manner produce a like effect, and it is probable that many cases of corpulence are to be ascribed to this cause alone, from the well-known facts that many persons of sedentary occupation become stout, although of most abstemious habits, and that obesity frequently comes on in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle-aged and old, who take relatively less exercise than the young, in whom it is comparatively rare . See also:

• WOMEN

Women are more prone to become corpulent than men, and appear to take on this condition more readily after the cessation of the See also:

• FUNCTION

function of menstruation . For the prevention of corpulence and the reduction of superfluous fat many expedients have been resorted to, and numerous remedies recommended .

These have included bleeding, blistering, purging, starving (see See also:

• FASTING (from " fast," derived from old Teutonic fastejan; synonyms being the Gr. vnorebety, late Lat. jejunare)

FASTING), the use of different kinds of See also:

• BATHS

baths, and of drugs innumerable . The drinking of See also:

• VINEGAR

vinegar was long popularly, but erroneously, supposed to be a remedy for obesity . It is related of the See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of See also:

• CORTONA

Cortona, a noted general of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ALVA
• ALVA, or ALBA, FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, DUKE OF, (1508-1583)

Alva, that by drinking vinegar he so reduced his body from a condition of enormous obesity that he could See also:

• FOLD

fold his skin about him like a garment . In 1863 a pamphlet entitled " See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Banting," in which was narrated the remarkable experience of the writer in accomplishing the reduction of his own weight in a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short space of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption of a particular kind of See also:

• DIET

diet, started the See also:

• MODERN

modern dietetic treatment, at first called " Banting " after the author . After trying almost every known remedy without effect, Banting was induced, on the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion of Mr See also:

• HARVEY
• HARVEY, GABRIEL (c. 1545-1630)
• HARVEY, SIR GEORGE (1806-1876)
• HARVEY, WILLIAM (1578—1657)

Harvey, a See also:

• LONDON

London aurist, to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place himself upon an entirely new See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of diet, which consisted chiefly in the removal, as far as possible, of all saccharine, starchy and fat food, the reduction of liquids, and the substitution of See also:

• MEAT

meat or See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit in moderate quantity at each See also:

• MEAL

meal, together with the daily use of an antacid See also:

• DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught . Under this regimen his weight was reduced 46 lb in the course of a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, while his health underwent a marked improvement . His experience, as might have been expected, induced many to follow his example; and since then various regimens have been propounded, all aiming at treating corpulence on modern physiological principles (see also See also:

• DIETETICS

DIETETICS, METABOLIC DISEASES and NUTRITION) . It iS important, however, to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear in mind that the treatment should be followed under medical See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice and observation; for, however desirable it be to get rid of superabundant fat, it would be manifestly no gain were this to be achieved by the See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice of the general health .