See also:

• COS
• COS, or STANKO (Ital. Stanchio, Turk. Islan-keui, by corruption from Etc rav KW)

COS, or STANKO (Ital. Stanchio, Turk. Islan-keui, by corruption from Etc rav KW)  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in that See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

archipelago which was anciently known as the Myrtoan See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, not far from the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western corner of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, at the mouth of the Gulf of See also:

• HALICARNASSUS (mod. Budrum)

Halicarnassus, or See also:

• BAY

Bay of Budrum . Its See also:

• TOTAL

total length is about 25 M. and its circumference about 74 . Its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is estimated at about Io,000, of whom nearly all are Greeks . A considerable See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of mountains, known to the ancients as Oromedon, or Prion, extends along the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast with hardly a break except near the island of Nisyros; so that the greatest versant and most important streams turn towards the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . The whole island is little more than a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, and consequently unites See also:

• GREAT

great aridity in the drier See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain regions with the richest fertility in the alluvial districts . As the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of the islanders is mainly directed to'the culture of their vineyards, which yield the famous sultana raisins, a considerable proportion of the arable See also:

• LAND

land is See also:

• LEFT

left untouched, though See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize are sown in some quarters, and melons and sesamum See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed appear among the exports . The See also:

• COS
• COS, or STANKO (Ital. Stanchio, Turk. Islan-keui, by corruption from Etc rav KW)

Cos See also:

• LETTUCE

lettuce is well known . See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

Fruit, especially grapes, is exported in large quantities to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, mostly in See also:

• LOCAL

local sailing boats . The See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive is abundant enough, but neglected; and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, though it thrives well, is grown only in small quantities . As the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, in spite of dredging operations, is See also:

• FIT

fit only for smaller vessels, the island is not of so much commercial importance as it would otherwise be; but since 1868 it has been regularly visited by steamers . The only See also:

• TOWN

town in the island is Cos, or Stanko, at the eastern extremity, remarkable for its fortress, founded by the knights of See also:

• RHODES
• RHODES, CECIL JOHN (1853-1902)
• RHODES, JAMES FORD

Rhodes, and for the gigantic See also:

• PLANE

plane-See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree in the public square . The fortress preserves in its walls a number of interesting architectural fragments .

The plane-tree has a circumference of about 30 ft., and its huge and heavy branches have to be supported by pillars; of its See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age there is no certain knowledge, but the popular tradition connects it with See also:

• HIPPOCRATES

Hippocrates . The town is supplied by an See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct, about 4 M. in length, with See also:

• WATER

water from a hot chalybeate See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, which is likewise named after the great physician of the island . The villages of Pyli and Kephalas are interesting, the former for the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of a certain Charmylos, and the latter for a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of the knights of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John and the numerous See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions that prove that it occupies the site of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient deme of Isthmos . The most interesting site on the island is the See also:

• PRECINCT (from Lat. praecingere, to encircle, enclose, surround, prae and cingere, to gird)

precinct of Asclepius, which was excavated in 1900-1904 on the slope of See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Prion, about 2 M. from the town of Cos . It consists of three terraces, the uppermost containing a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, a cypressgrove and porticoes; the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle, which is the earliest portion, two or three temples, an See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, and other buildings; and the See also:

• LOWER

lower a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of sacred See also:

• AGORA

agora enclosed by porticoes . The precinct had been enlarged and reconstructed at various times . The earliest buildings on the middle See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace probably date from the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C . The temple on the upper terrace, with the imposing See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of steps by which it is approached, seems to belong to the 2nd century B.C. when the whole precinct was enlarged and reconstructed . After a destructive See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake, the whole appears to have been rebuilt by See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon, the physician and poisoner of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CLAUDIUS
• CLAUDIUS [TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS]
• CLAUDIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS
• CLAUDIUS, MATTHIAS (174o-1815)

Claudius . The final destruction was brought about by the earthquake of A.D . 554 . Among other things the precinct contains a See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain of water with medicinal properties .

It is doubtful whether this water is brought from Burinna, the famous fountain of Hippocrates in the mountain above . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Cos was a Dorian See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony with a large contingent of settlers from See also:

• EPIDAURUS

Epidaurus who took with them their Asclepius cult and made their new See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home famous for its sanatoria . The other chief See also:

• SOURCES

sources of the island's See also:

• WEALTH

wealth See also:

• LAY

lay in its wines, and in later days, in its See also:

• SILK

silk manufacture . Its See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early history is obscure . During the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• WARS

wars it was ruled by tyrants, but as a See also:

• RULE

rule it seems to have been under an oligarchic See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . In the 5th century it joined the Delian See also:

• LEAGUE

League, and after the revolt of Rhodes served as the chief Athenian station in the south-eastern See also:

• AEGEAN

Aegean (411-407) . In 366 a See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy was instituted . After helping, in the Social See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War (357-355), to weaken Athenian See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell for a few years to the Carian See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince Maussollus . In the Hellenistic age Cos attained the See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

zenith of its prosperity . Its See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance was valued by the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Egypt, who used it as an outpost for their See also:

• NAVY

navy to See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch the Aegean . As a seat of learning it See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to be a kind of provincial See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the museum of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, and became a favourite resort for the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of the princes of the Ptolemaic See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty; among its most famous sons were the physician Hippocrates, the painter See also:

• APELLES

Apelles, the poets See also:

• PHILETAS

Philetas and, perhaps, See also:

• THEOCRITUS

Theocritus (q.v.) . Following the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead of its great See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour, Rhodes, Cos generally displayed a friendly attitude towards the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans; in A.D .

53 it was made a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . In A.D . 1315 it was occupied by the Knights of St John; in 1523 it passed under See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman sway . Except for occasional incursions by corsairs and some severe earthquakes the island has rarely had its See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace disturbed . (E . GR . ; M . 0 . B .