See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

ROGER See also:

• ROGER COTES (1682-1716)

COTES (1682-1716)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English mathematician and philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• JULY

July 1682 at See also:

• BURBAGE, JAMES (d. 1597)

Burbage, See also:

• LEICESTERSHIRE

Leicestershire, of which See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place his See also:

• FATHER

father, the Rev . See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• COTES, ROGER (1682-1716)

Cotes, was See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector . He was educated at See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester school, and afterward at St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's school, See also:

• LONDON

London . Proceeding to Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, in 1699, he obtained a fellowship in 1705, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year was appointed Plumian See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy and experimental See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy in the university of Cambridge . He took orders in 1713; and the same year, at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of Dr See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1662-1742)
• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1794-1871)

Bentley, he published the second edition of See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton's Principia with an See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface . He died on the 5th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1716, leaving unfinished a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of elaborate researches on See also:

• OPTICS

optics, and a large amount of unpublished See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript . He contributed two See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs to the Philosophical Transactions, one, " Logometria," which discusses the calculation of logarithms and certain applications of the infinitesimal calculus, the other, a " Description of the See also:

• GREAT

great fiery See also:

• METEOR (Gr. µerEwpa, literally " things in the air,” from µera, beyond, and aeip6Lv, to lift up)

meteor seen on See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 6th, 1716." After his See also:

• DEATH

death his papers were collected and published by his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin and successor in the Plumian See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair, Dr Robert See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• HARMONIA

Harmonia Mensurarum (1722) . This See also:

• WORK

work included the " Logometria," the trigonometrical theorem known as " Cotes' Theorem on the Circle " (see See also:

• TRIGONOMETRY (from Gr. rpiywvov, a triangle, /ATpov, measure)

TRIGONOMETRY), his theorem on See also:

• HARMONIC

harmonic means, subsequently See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed by See also:

• COLIN, ALEXANDRE (1526-1612)

Colin See also:

• MACLAURIN, COLIN (1698–1746)

Maclaurin, and a discussion of the curves known as " Cotes' Spirals," which occur as the path of a particle described under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of a central force varying inversely as the See also:

• CUBE (Gr. K46os, a cube)

cube of the distance . In 1738 Dr Robert Smith published Cotes' Hydro-statical and Pneumatical Lectures, a work which was held in great estimation . The exceptional See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius of Cotes earned encomiums from both his contemporaries and successors; See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac Newton said, " If Mr Cotes had lived, we should have known something." COTES-DU-See also:

• NORD

NORD, a maritime See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, formed in 1790 from the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, and bounded N. by the English Channel, E. by the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, S. by See also:

• MORBIHAN

Morbihan, and W. by See also:

• FINISTERE, or FINISTERRE

Finistere . Pop . (1906) 611,506 .

See also:

• AREA

Area, 2786 sq. m . In See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general conformation, Cotes-du-Nord is an undulating See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau including in its more southerly portion three well-marked ranges of hills . A granitic See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain, the Monts du Merle, starting in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the department runs in a north-See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly direction, forming the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed between the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers See also:

• RUNNING

running respectively to the Channel and the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Ocean . Towards its western extremity this chain bifurcates to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the Montagnes Noires in the south-west and the Montagne d'Arree in the west of the department . The rivers of the Channel slope are the See also:

• RANCE, ARMAND JEAN LE BOUTHILLIER DE (1626-1700)

Rance, Arguenon, Gouessan, Gouet, Trieux, See also:

• TREGUIER

Treguier and Leguer, while the Blavet, Meu, Oust and Aulne belong to the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern slope . Off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, which is steep, rocky and much indented, are the See also:

• SEPT

Sept-Iles, Brehat and other small islands . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal bays are those of St Maio and St Brieuc . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is mild and not subject to extremes; in the west it is especially humid . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture is more successful on the coast, where seaweed can be used as a fertilizer, than in the interior . Cereals are largely grown, See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, oats and See also:

• BUCK
• BUCK, CARL DARLING (1866– )
• BUCK, DUDLEY (1839-1909)

buck-wheat being the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief crops . Potatoes, See also:

• FLAX

flax, mangels, apples, plums, cherries and See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey are also produced . Pasture and various kinds of See also:

• FORAGE

forage are abundant, and there is a large output of See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk and See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter .

The horses of the department are in repute . It produces See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate, See also:

• BUILDING

building-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime and See also:

• CHINA

china-See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay . See also:

• FLOUR

Flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, saw-mills, sardine factories, tanneries, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WORKS

works, manufactories of See also:

• POLISH

polish, See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat-building yards, and rope-works employ many of the inhabitants, and See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, agricultural implements and nails are manufactured . The chief imports are See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood and See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt . Exports include agricultural products (eggs, butter, vegetables, &c.), horses, flax and See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish . The chief commercial ports are Le Legue and See also:

• PAIMPOL

Paimpol; and Paimpol also equips a large See also:

• FLEET

fleet for the Icelandic See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries . The coast fishing is important and large quantities of sardines are preserved . The department is served by the Ouest-Etat railway; its chief waterway is the See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal from See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes to See also:

• BREST

Brest which traverses it for 73 M . Cotes-du-Nord is divided into the five arrondissements of St Brieuc, See also:

• DINAN

Dinan, See also:

• GUINGAMP

Guingamp, See also:

• LANNION

Lannion and Loudeac, which contain 48 cantons and 390 communes . Bas See also:

• BRETON, BRITTON
• BRETON, JULES ADOLPHE

Breton is spoken in the arrondissements of Guingamp and Lannion, and in part of those of Loudeac and St Brieuc . The department belongs to the ecclesiastical province, the See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic (educational See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division), and the See also:

• APPEAL

appeal See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• RENNES

Rennes, and in the region of the X. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps . St Brieuc, Dinan, Guingamp, See also:

• LAMBALLE
• LAMBALLE, MARIE THERESE LOUISE OF SAVOYCARIGNANO, PRINCESSE DE (1749-1792)

Lamballe, Paimpol and Treguier, the more noteworthy towns, are separately treated .

Extensive remains of an See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of the Premonstratensian See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, dating chiefly from the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, exist at Kerity; and Lehon has remains of a priory, which See also:

• DATES

dates from the same See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . The department is See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in interesting churches, among which those of Ploubezre (12th, 14th and 16th centuries), Perros-Guirec (12th century), Plestin-See also:

• LES

les-Greves (16th century) and Lanleff (12th century) may be mentioned . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St Mathurin at Moncontour, which is a celebrated place of See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage, contains See also:

• FINE

fine stained See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass of the 16th century, and the mural paintings of the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of Kermaria-an-Isquit near Plouha, which belongs to the 13th and 14th centuries, are celebrated . Near Lannion (pop . 5336), itself a picturesque old See also:

• TOWN

town, is the ruined See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Tonquedec, built in the 14th century and sometimes known as "the See also:

• PIERREFONDS

Pierrefonds of Brittany," owing to its resemblance to the more famous castle . At Corseul are a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple and other See also:

• ROMAN

Roman remains .