COUNCIL BLUFFS  , a city and the county-seat of Pottawattamie county, Iowa, U.S.A., about 21 M . E. of the Missouri river opposite Omaha, Nebraska, with which it is connected by a road bridge and two railway bridges . Pop . (189o) 21,474; (1900) 25,802, of whom 3723 were foreign-born; (191o) 29,292 . It is pre-eminently a railway centre, being served by the Union Pacific, of which it is the principal eastern terminus, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago, Milwaukee & Saint Paul, the Chicago & Northwestern, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Chicago Great-Western, the Illinois Central, and the Wabash, which together have given it considerable comrnercialimportance . It is built for the most part on level ground at the foot of high bluffs; and has several parks, the most attractive of which, commanding fine views, is Fairmount Park . With the exceptionof bricks and tiles, carriages and wagons, agricultural implements, and the products of its railway shops, its manufactures are relatively unimportant, the factory product in 1905 being valued at only $1,924,109 . Council Bluffs is the seat of the Western Iowa Business College, and of the Iowa school for the deaf . On or near the site of Council Bluffs, in 1804, Lewis and Clark held a council with the Indians, whence the city's name . In 1838 the Federal government made this the headquarters of the Pottawattamie Indians, removed from Missouri . They remained until 1846–1847, when the Mormons came, built many cabins, and named the place Kanesville . The Mormons remained only about five years, but on their departure for Utah their places were speedily taken by new immigrants .

During 1849–1850 Council Bluffs became an important outfitting point for

California gold seekers—the goods being brought by boat from Saint Louis—and in 1853 it was incorporated as a city .