GEORGES See also:

• GEORGES COUTHON (1755-1794)

COUTHON (1755-1794)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolutionist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Orcet, a See also:

• VILLAGE

village in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district of Clermont in See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne . He studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and was admitted See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate at Clermont in 1785 . At this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he was noted for his integrity, See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle-heartedness and charitable disposition . His See also:

• HEALTH

health was feeble and both legs were paralysed . In 1787 he was a member of the provincial See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of Auvergne . On the outbreak of the Revolution See also:

• COUTHON, GEORGES (1755-1794)

Couthon, who was now a member of the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality of Clermont-See also:

• FERRAND, ANTOINE FRANCOIS CLAUDE, COMTE

Ferrand, published his L'Aristocrate converti, in which he revealed himself as a liberal and a See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of constitutional See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . He became very popular, was appointed See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the tribunal of the See also:

• TOWN

town of Clermont in 1791, and in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September of the same See also:

• YEAR

year was elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy to the Legislative Assembly . His views had meanwhile been embittered by the attempted See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVI., and he distinguished himself now by his hostility to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . A visit to See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of his health brought him into See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close intercourse and sympathy with See also:

• DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANCOIS (1739—1823)

Dumouriez . In September 1792 Couthon was elected member of the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention, and at the trial of the king voted for the See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of See also:

• DEATH

death without See also:

• APPEAL

appeal . He hesitated for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as to which party he should join, but finally decided for that of See also:

• ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre, with whom he had many opinions in See also:

• COMMON

common, especially in matters of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . He was the first to demand the See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest of the proscribed See also:

• GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

Girondists .

On the 3oth of May 1793 he became a member of the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee of Public Safety, and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August was sent as one of the commissioners of the Convention attached to the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army before See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons . Impatient at the slow progress made by the besieging force, he decreed a See also:

• LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise)
• LEVEE (from the French substantival use of lever, to rise; there is no French substantival use of levee in the English sense)

levee en masse in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• PUY

Puy-de-See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

Dome, collected an army of 6o,000 men, and himself led them to Lyons . When the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city was taken, on the 9th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1793, although the Convention ordered its destruction, Couthon did not carry out the See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree, and., showed moderation in the See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment of the rebels . The Republican atrocities began only after Couthon was replaced, on the 3rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1793, by See also:

• COLLOT

Collot d'Herbois . Couthon returned to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and on the 21st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December was elected president of the Convention . He contributed to the See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of the Hebertists, and was responsible for the law of the 22nd Prairial, which in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of trials before the Revolutionary Tribunal deprived the accused of the aid of counsel or of witnesses or their See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence, on the pretext of shortening the proceedings . During the crisis preceding the 9th See also:

• THERMIDOR (from Gr. BEpµrt, heat, and & pov, gift)

Thermidor, Couthon showed considerable courage, giving up a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to Auvergne in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, as he wrote, that he might either See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die or See also:

• COUVADE (literally a "brooding," from Fr. couver, to hatch, Lat. cubare, to lie down)

COUVADE 337 See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph with Robespierre and See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty . Arrested with Robespierre and See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Just, his colleagues in the triumvirate of the Terror, and subjected to indescribable sufferings and insults, he was taken to the See also:

• SCAFFOLD
• SCAFFOLD, SCAFFOLDING (from the O. Fr. escafaut, originally escafalt, modern echafaud, a corruption of the Italian or Spanish calafalco, a platform, especially a canopy over a bier, a catafalque; this word is composed of O. Span. altar, O. Ital. catare, t

scaffold on the same See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart with Robespierre on the 28th of See also:

• JULY

July 1794 (loth Thermidor) . See Fr . Mege, Correspondance de Couthon ... suivie de " l'Aristocrate converti," comedie en deux actes de Couthon (Paris, 1872) ; and Nouveaux Documents sur Georges Couthon (Clermont-Ferrand, 189o) ; also F . A . See also:

• AULARD, FRANCOIS

Aulard, See also:

• LES

Les Orateurs de la Legislative et de la Convention (Paris, 1885-1886), ii .

425-443 .