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COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later conve...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 339 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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COVENANT (an O. Fr. See also:form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, See also:Lat. convenire)  , a mutual agreement of two or more parties, or an undertaking made by one of the parties . In the See also:Bible the See also:Hebrew word ;'i., With, is used widely for many kinds of agreements; it is then applied to a See also:contract between two persons or to a treaty between two nations, such as the See also:covenant made between See also:Abimelech and See also:Isaac, representing treaty between the Israelites and the See also:Philistines (Gen. See also:xxvi, 26 seq.); more particularly to an engagement made between See also:God and men, or such agreements as, by the observance of a religious rite, regarded God as a party to the engagement . Two suggestions have been made for the derivation of With: (I) tracing the word from a See also:root "to cut," and the reference is to the See also:primitive rite of cutting victims into parts, between which the parties to an agreement passed, cf. the See also:Greek 8pK1a T4u/6w, and the See also:account (Gen. xv . 17) of the covenant between God and See also:Abraham, where "a smoking See also:furnace and burning See also:lamp passed between the pieces" of the victims Abraham had sacrificed; (2) connecting it with an Assyrio-Babylonian biritu, fetter, See also:alliance . Beath was translated in the See also:Septuagint by Sta9ijarl, which in classical Greek had the meaning of "will"; hence the See also:Vulgate, in the See also:Psalms and the New Testament, translates the word by testamentum, but elsewhere in the Old Testament by foedus or pactum; similarly Wycliffe's version gives "testament" and "covenant" respectively . The books of Scripture dealing with the old or See also:Mosaic, and new or See also:Christian See also:dispensation are sometimes known as the Books of the Old and the New Covenant . The word appears in the See also:system of See also:theology See also:developed by Johannes See also:Cocceius (q.v.), and known as the " Covenant " or " Federal " Theology, based on the two Covenants of See also:Works or See also:Life made by God with See also:Adam, on See also:condition of obedience, and of See also:grace or redemption, made with See also:Christ . In Scottish ecclesiastical See also:history, covenant appears in the two agreements signed by the members of the Scottish See also:Church in See also:defence of their religious and ecclesiastical systems (see See also:COVENANTERS) .

End of Article: COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)
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