See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• SIR WILLIAM COVENTRY (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

COVENTRY (c. 1628-1686)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English statesman, son of the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord. keeper, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, Lord See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• COVENTRY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

Coventry, by his second r See also:

• HACKET, JOHN (1592-1670)

Hacket's See also:

• LIFE

Life of See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams, ii . 19 . 2 See also:

• RUSHWORTH, JOHN (c. 1612-1690)

Rushworth (168o), See also:

• PART

part ii. vol. i . 294 . 3 See also:

• ATH, or AATII

Ath . Oxon. ii . 65o . ' There is an adverse See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion also expressed in See also:

• PEPYS, SAMUEL (1633-1703)

Pepys's See also:

• DIARY

Diary, See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 26, 1666, probably based on little real knowledge.wife See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Aldersley, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1628 . He matriculated at See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fourteen . Owing to the outbreak of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he was obliged to quit his studies, but according to See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Bramston " he had a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor who made him a See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, and he travelled and got the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language in good perfection." " He was See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young whilst the war continued," wrote See also:

• CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF
• CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, 1ST EARL OF (1609-1674)
• CLARENDON, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS, 4TH EARL OF (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)
• CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

Clarendon, " yet he had put himself before the end of it into the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army and had the command of a See also:

• FOOT

foot See also:

• COMPANY

company and shortly after travelled into See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France." Here he remained till all hopes of obtaining See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign assistance and of raising a new army had to be laid aside, when he returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and kept aloof from the various royalist intrigues . When, however, a new prospect of a restoration appeared in 166o, Coventry hastened to See also:

• BREDA

Breda, was appointed secretary to See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, lord high See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of England, and headed the royal procession when See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles entered See also:

• LONDON

London in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph . He was returned to the Restoration See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of 1661 for See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• YARMOUTH
• YARMOUTH (GREAT YARMOUTH)

Yarmouth, became See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for the See also:

• NAVY

navy in May 1662 and in 1663 was made D.C.L. at Oxford .

His great talents were very soon recognized in parliament, and his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence as an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official was considerable . His See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment was rather that of secretary to the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty than of See also:

• PERSONAL

personal assistant to the duke of York,5 and was one of large gains . See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood states that he collected a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune of £6o,000 . Accusations of corruption in his See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, and especially during the Dutch war, were brought against him, but there is nothing to show that he ever transgressed the limits sanctioned by usage and See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom in obtaining his emoluments . Pepys in his diary invariably testifies to the excellence of his administration and to his zeal for reform and See also:

• ECONOMY

economy . His ability and See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, however, did little to avert thelnaval collapse, owing chiefly to See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial mismanagement and to the See also:

• ILL

ill-advised appointments to command . Coventry denied all responsibility for the Dutch War in 1665, which Clarendon sought to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place upon his shoulders, and his repudiation is supported by Pepys; it was, moreover, contrary to his well-known See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinion . The war greatly increased his influence, and shortly after the victory off See also:

• LOWESTOFT

Lowestoft, on the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1665, he was knighted and made a privy councillor (26th of June) and was subsequently admitted to the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee on foreign affairs . In 1667 he was appointed to the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TREASURY

treasury to effect financial reforms . " I perceive," writes Pepys on the 23rd of August 1667, " Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Coventry is the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man and nothing done till he comes," and on his removal in 1669 the duke of See also:

• ALBEMARLE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Albemarle, no friendly or partial critic, declares that " nothing now would be well done." His appointment, however, came too See also:

• LATE

late to See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward off the naval disaster at See also:

• CHATHAM
• CHATHAM, WILLIAM PITT

Chatham the same See also:

• YEAR

year and the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy in 1672 . Meanwhile Coventry's rising influence had been from the first the cause of increasing See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy to the old See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor Clarendon, who especially disliked and discouraged the younger See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation . Coventry resented this repression and thought ill of the conduct of the administration .

He became the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief mover in the successful attack made upon Clarendon, but refused to take any part it, his See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment . Two days after Clarendon's resignation (on the 31st of August), Coventry announced his intention of leaving the duke's service and of terminating his connexion with the navy.6 As the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent in effecting Clarendon's fall he naturally acquired new See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and influence, and the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general opinion pointed to him as his successor as first See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the See also:

• CROWN

crown . Personal merit, patriotism and conspicuous ability, however, were poor passports to place and power in Charles II.'s reign . Coventry retained merely his appointment at the treasury, and the brilliant but unscrupulous and incapable duke of See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham, a favourite of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, succeeded to Lord Clarendon . The relations between the two men soon became unfriendly . Buckingham ridiculed Sir William's steady See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to business, and was annoyed at his opposition to Clarendon's impeachment . Coventry rapidly lost influence, was excluded from the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, and six months after Clarendon's fall complains he has scarcely a friend at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Finally, in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 6 Pepysiana, by H . B . See also:

• WHEATLEY, FRANCIS (1747–1801)

Wheatley (1903), 154 . 6 Foxcroft, Life of Sir G . See also:

• SAVILE, SIR G
• SAVILE, SIR GEORGE (1726-1784)
• SAVILE, SIR HENRY (1549–1622)

Savile, i .

54 . 1669, Buckingham having written a See also:

• PLAY

play in which Sir William was ridiculed, the latter sent him a See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge . See also:

• NOTICE

Notice of the challenge reached the authorities through the duke's second, and Sir William was imprisoned in the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower on the 3rd of March and subsequently expelled from the privy council . He was superseded in the treasury on the r 1th of March by Buckingham's favourite, Sir Thomas See also:

• OSBORNE

Osborne, afterwards See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• DANBY, FRANCIS (1793-1861)

Danby and duke of See also:

• LEEDS
• LEEDS, THOMAS OSBORNE

Leeds, and was at last released from the Tower on the 21st in disgrace . The real cause of his dismissal was clearly the final See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption by Charles of the policy of subservience to France and See also:

• DESERTION

desertion of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland and See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant interests . Six See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks before Coventry's fall, the See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference between Charles, James, See also:

• ARLINGTON
• ARLINGTON, HENRY BENNET, EARL OF (1618-1685)

Arlington, See also:

• CLIFFORD
• CLIFFORD, JOHN (1836- )
• CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (1845-1879)

Clifford and See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel had taken place, which resulted a year and a See also:

• HALF

half later in the disgraceful treaty of See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover . To such schemes Sir William, with his steady hostility to France and active devotion to Protestantism, was doubtless a formidable opponent . He now withdrew definitely from official life, still retaining, however, his ascendancy in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, and leading the party which condemned and criticized the reactionary and fatal policy of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, his See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit and reputation being rather enhanced than diminished by his dismissal.' In 1673 was published a pamphlet which went through five See also:

• EDITIONS

editions the same year, entitled England's See also:

• APPEAL

appeal from the Private See also:

• CABAL (through the Fr. cabale from the Cabbala or Kabbalah, the theosophical interpretation of the Hebrew scriptures)

Cabal at See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall to the Great Council of the Nation .. . by a true See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

Lover of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

Country, an See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous See also:

• WORK

work universally ascribed to Sir William, which forcibly reflects his opinions on the French entanglement . In the great See also:

• MATTER

matter of the See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

Indulgence, while refusing to discuss the limits of See also:

• PREROGATIVE

prerogative and See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty, he argued that the dispensing power of the crown could not be valid during the session of parliament, and criticized the manner of the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration while approving its ostensible See also:

• OBJECT

object.• . He sup-ported the Test See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, but maintained a statesmanlike moderation amidst the See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide of indignation rising against the government, and refused to take part in the personal attacks upon ministers, See also:

• DRAWING

drawing upon himself the same unpopularity as his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew See also:

• HALIFAX
• HALIFAX, CHARLES MONTAGUE, EARL OF (1661–1715)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE MONTAGU DUNK, 2ND EARL OF (1716-1771)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE SAVILE, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1633-1695)

Halifax incurred later . In the same year he warmly denounced the See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with France .

During the summer of 1674 he was again received at court . In 1675 he supported the See also:

• BILL

bill to exclude See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics from both Houses, and also the measure to See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close the House of Commons to placemen; and he showed great activity in his opposition to the French connexion, especially stigmatizing the encouragement given by the government to the levying of troops for the French service . In May 1677 he voted for the Dutch alliance . Like most of his contemporaries he accepted the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of the popish See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot in 1678 . Coventry several times refused the highest court appointments, and he was not included in Sir W . See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple's new-modelled council in See also:

• APRIL

April 1679 . In the exclusion question he favoured at first a policy of limitations, and on his nephew Halifax, who on his retirement became the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the moderate party, he enjoined prudence and See also:

• PATIENCE

patience, and greatly regretted the violence of the opposition which eventually excited a reaction and ruined everything . He refused to stand for the new parliament, and retired to his country See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at See also:

• MINSTER
• MINSTER (from Lat. monasterium; cf. German Munster)

Minster See also:

• LOVELL, FRANCIS LOVELL, VISCOUNT (1454-1487)

Lovell near See also:

• WITNEY

Witney, in See also:

• OXFORDSHIRE (or OxoN)

Oxfordshire . He died unmarried on the 23rd of June 1686, at Somerhill near Tunbridge See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells, where he had gone to take the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, and was buried at See also:

• PENSHURST

Penshurst, where a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was erected to his memory . In his will he ordered his funeral to be at small expense, and See also:

• LEFT

left £2000 to the French Protestant refugees in England, besides £3000 for the liberation of captives in See also:

• ALGIERS (Fr. Alger, Arab. Jezair, i.e. The Islands)

Algiers . He had shortly before his See also:

• DEATH

death already paid for the liberation of sixty slaves . He was much beloved and respected in his See also:

• FAMILY

family circle, his nephew, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Savile, alluding to him in affectionate terms as " our dearest See also:

• UNCLE

uncle " and " incomparable friend." Though Sir William Coventry never filled that place in the national administration to which his merit and exceptional ability clearly entitled him, his public life together with his See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence are sufficient to distinguish him from amongst his contemporaries as a statesman of the first See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank .

Lord Halifax obviously derived from his honoured See also:

• MENTOR

mentor those principles of government which, by means of his own brilliant ' Savile Correspondence (See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden See also:

• SOC

Soc.), 295 . intellectual gifts, originality and imaginative insight, gained further force and influence . Halifax owed to him his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the navy and his grasp of the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity to a country of a powerful maritime force . He See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew his antagonism to France, his religious tolerance, wide'religious views but See also:

• FIRM

firm Protestantism doubtless from the same source . Sir William was the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original "See also:

• TRIMMER, JOSHUA (1795-1857)

Trimmer." See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

Writing to his nephew See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount See also:

• WEYMOUTH

Weymouth, while denying the authorship of The See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

Character of a Trimmer, he says:—" I have not been ashamed to own myself to be a trimmer . . . one who would sit upright and not overturn the See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat by swaying too much to either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side." He shared the Trimmer's dislike of party, urging Halifax in the exclusion contest " not to be thrust by the opposition of his enemies into another party, but that he keep upon a national bottom which at length will prevail." His. prudence is expressed in his "perpetual unwillingness to do things which I cannot undo." " A singular See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of spirit, a breadth of mind which refused to be contracted by party formulas, a sanity which was See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof against the contagion of national See also:

• DELIRIUM (a Latin medical term for madness, from delirare, to be mad, literally to wander from the lira, or furrow)

delirium, were equally characteristic of uncle and nephew." 2 Sir William Coventry's conceptions of statesmanship, under the guiding See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of his nephew, largely inspired the future revolution See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, and continued to be an essential See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of English political growth and progress . Besides the See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract already mentioned Coventry was the author of A See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter to Dr See also:

• BURNET
• BURNET, GILBERT (1643-1715)
• BURNET, THOMAS (1635-1715)

Burnet giving an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

Account of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• POOL

Pool's See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

Secret See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

Powers . . . (1685) . The Character of a Trimmer, often ascribed to him, is now known to have been written by Lord Halifax . " Notes concerning the Poor," and an See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay" concerning the decay of rents and the remedy," are among the See also:

• MALET, LUCAS

Malet Papers (Hist . See also:

• MSS

MSS .

See also:

• COMM

Comm . See . 5th See also:

• REP, REPP, or REPS

Rep. app . 320 (a)) and Add . MSS . Brit . See also:

• MUS

Mus . (cal . 1882–1887); an " Essay concerning France " (4th Rep. app . 229 (b)) and a "Discourse on the Management of the Navy " (23ob) are among the MSS. of the See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath, also a See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of his library (233(a)), COVENT'RY, a municipal, See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county and See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of See also:

• WARWICKSHIRE

Warwickshire, England; 94 M . N.W. from London by the London & See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Western railway . Pop .

(1901) 69,978 . The Coventry See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal communicates with the See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent and See also:

• MERSEY

Mersey and See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham canals, and the midland See also:

• SYSTEM

system generally . Coventry stands on a See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence, with higher ground lying to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and is watered by the Sherbourne and the Radford See also:

• BROOK

Brook, feeders of the See also:

• AVON

Avon, which unite within the See also:

• TOWN

town . Of its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient fortifications two See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates and some portions of the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall are still extant, and several of the older streets are picturesque from the number of half-timbered houses projecting over the footways . The most remarkable buildings are the churches; of these the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest are St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael's, one of the finest specimens of Perpendicular See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture in England, with a beautiful See also:

• STEEPLE (akin to " steep")

steeple rising to a height of 303 ft.; See also:

• HOLY

Holy Trinity See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, a cruciform structure with a lofty steeple at the intersection ; and St John's, or Bablake church, which is nearly a parallelogram on the ground See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, but cruciform in the See also:

• CLERESTORY, or CLEARSTORY (Ital. chiaro piano, Fr. clairevoie, claire etage, Ger. Lichtgaden)

clerestory with a central tower . See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ church See also:

• DATES

dates only from 1832, but it is attached to the ancient See also:

• SPIRE

spire of the See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey Friars' church . Of See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings the most interesting is St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, erected by the See also:

• UNITED

united See also:

• GILDS, or GUILDS

gilds in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early part of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The principal chamber, ' Foxcroft's Life of Sir G . Savile, i . 36 . situated above a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt, is 76 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, 30 ft. wide and 34 ft. high; its roof is of carved See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, and in the north end there is a large window of old stained See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, with a curious piece of See also:

• TAPESTRY

tapestry beneath nearly as old as the See also:

• BUILDING

building . In the treasury is preserved a valuable collection of ancient muniments .

A statue of Sir Thomas See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White, lord See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of London (1532-1533), founder of St John's College, Oxford, was erected in 1883 . The See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery, laid out by Sir See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• PAXTON, SIR JOSEPH (1801-1865)

Paxton, the architect and landscape gardener, and enlarged in 1887, is particularly beautiful . The educational institutions include a well-endowed See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school, founded in the reign of Elizabeth, in See also:

• MODERN

modern buildings (1885), a technical school, school of See also:

• ART

art, endowed charity See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, and a county reformatory for girls; and among the charitable See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations, which are numerous and valuable, See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

Bond's See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital for old men and See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

Ford's hospital for old See also:

• WOMEN

women are remarkable as fine specimens of ancient See also:

• TIMBER

timber work . Swanswell and See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser Parks were opened in 1883, and a recreation ground in 1880 . Coventry was formerly noted for its woollens, and subsequently acquired such a reputation for its See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing that the expression " as true as Coventry See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue " became proverbial . Existing See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are the making of motor cars, cycles and their accessories, for which Coventry is one of the chief centres in Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain; sewing See also:

• MACHINES

machines are also produced; and See also:

• CARPET

carpet-See also:

• WEAVING

weaving and dyeing, art See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal working and See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch making are carried on . An ancient See also:

• FAIR

fair is held in Whit-See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week . A county of itself till 1843, the town became a county borough in 1888 . The See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation consists of a mayor, 10 aldermen and 30 councillors . The parliamentary borough returns one member . In 1894 a See also:

• SUFFRAGAN (Med. Lat. suffraganeus suffragator, one who assists, from suffragari, to vote in favour of, to support)

suffragan bishopric of Coventry was established under the see of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, but no longer exists . See also:

• AREA

Area, 4149 acres .

The See also:

• VILLAGE

village which afterwards became important as Coventry (Coventreu, Coventre) owed its existence to the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of a See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine monastery by Earl See also:

• LEOFRIC (d. 1057)

Leofric and his wife Godgyfu, the famous See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• GODIVA

Godiva (q.v.), in 1043 . The See also:

• MANOR

manor, which in ,o66 belonged to the latter, descended to the earls of See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester and to See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Montalt, and from him passed to See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella queen of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward II. and the crown . Ranulf, earl of Chester, granted the earliest extant See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter to the town in 1153, by which his burgesses were to hold of him in free See also:

• BURGAGE (from Lat. burghs, a borough)

burgage as they held of his See also:

• FATHER

father, and to have their portmote . This, with further privileges, was confirmed by Henry II. in 1177, and by nearly every succeeding See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign until the 17th century . In 1345 Edward III. gave Coventry a corporation, mayor and bailiffs empowered to hold pleas and keep the town See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . Edward the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince granted the mayor and bailiffs the right to hold the town in See also:

• FEE

fee See also:

• FARM

farm of £So and to build a wall . In 1452 Henry VI. formed the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and surrounding hamlets into a county, and James I. incorporated Coventry in 1622 . It first sent two representatives to parliament •in 1295, but the returns were irregular . The See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior's See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market on Fridays was probably o