CRATER  , the cavity at the mouth of a volcanic duct, usually See also:

• FUNNEL (through an O. Fr. founil, found in Breton, from Lat. infundibulum, that through which anything is poured, from fundere, to pour)

funnel-shaped or presenting the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a bowl, whence the name, from the Gr . Kpari]p, a bowl . A volcanic See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill may have a single crater at, or near, its See also:

• SUMMIT

summit, or it may have several See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor craters on its flanks: the latter are sometimes called " See also:

• ADVENTITIOUS (from Lat. adventicius, coming from abroad)

adventitious craters " or " craterlets." Much of the loose ejected material, falling in the neighbourhood of the vent, rolls down the inner See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of the crater, and thus produces a stratification with an inward See also:

• DIP (Old Eng. dyppan, connected with the common Teutonic root seen in " deep ")

dip . The crater in an active See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano is kept open by intermittent explosions, but in a volcano which has become dormant or See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct the vent may become plugged, and the bowl-shaped cavity may subsequently be filled with See also:

• WATER

water, forming a crater-See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, or as it is called in the See also:

• EIFEL

Eifel a Maar . In some basaltic cones, like those of the See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

Sandwich Islands, the crater may be a broad shallow See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit, having almost perpendicular walls, with See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal stratification . Such hollows are consequently called pit-craters . The name caldera (Sp. for cauldron) was suggested for such pits by Capt . C . E . Dutton, who regarded them as having been formed by subsidence of the walls . The See also:

• TERM

term caldera is often applied to bowl-shaped craters in See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish-speaking countries .