See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

ROBERT See also:

• CRAUFURD, QUINTIN (1743-1819)
• ROBERT CRAUFURD (1764-1812)

CRAUFURD (1764-1812)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NEWARK
• NEWARK (NEWARK-UPON-TRENT)
• NEWARK, DAVID LESLIE, LORD (1601-1682)

Newark, See also:

• AYRSHIRE

Ayrshire, on the 5th of May 1764, and entered the 25th See also:

• FOOT

Foot in 1779 . As See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in the 75th See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment he first saw active service against Tippoo See also:

• SAHIB

Sahib in 1790-92 . The next See also:

• YEAR

year he was employed, under his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, with the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian armies operating against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French . Returning to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1797, he soon saw further service, as a lieutenantcoloneI, on See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake's See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff in the Irish See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion . A year later he was British See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner on See also:

• SUVAROV

Suvarov's staff when the Russians invaded See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, and at the end of 1799 was in the See also:

• HELDER

Helder expedition . From 18or to 18o5 See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• CRAUFURD, QUINTIN (1743-1819)
• CRAUFURD, ROBERT (1764-1812)

Craufurd satin See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament for See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• RETFORD (officially EAST RETFORD)

Retford, but in 1807 he resumed active service with Whitelock in the unfortunate Buenos Aires expedition . He was almost the only one of the See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior See also:

• OFFICERS

officers who added to his reputation in this affair, and in 18o8 he received a See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade command under See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore . His regiments were heavily engaged in the earlier See also:

• PART

part of the famous See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, but were not See also:

• PRESENT

present at See also:

• CORUNNA
• CORUNNA (Span. La Coruna; Fr. La Corogne; Eng. formerly often The Groyne)

Corunna, having been detached to See also:

• VIGO

Vigo, whence they returned to England . Later in 1809, once more in the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula, Brigadier-General Craufurd was three See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches or more in See also:

• REAR

rear of See also:

• WELLESLEY
• WELLESLEY, RICHARD COLLEY WESLEY (or WELLESLEY)

Wellesley's See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army when a See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report came in that a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• BATTLE

battle was in progress . The See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march which followed is one almost unparalleled in military See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals . The three battalions of the " See also:

• LIGHT

Light Brigade " (43rd, 52nd and 95th) started in full marching See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, and arrived at the front on the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day after the battle of Talavera, having covered 62 m. in twenty-six See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours . Beginning their career with this famous march, these regiments and their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, under whom served such men as Charles and See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• NAPIER
• NAPIER, JOHN (1550-1617)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES (1786-1860)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES JAMES (1782-1853)
• NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK (1785-1860)

Napier, See also:

• SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD (1856– )
• SHAW, HENRY WHEELER (1818–1885)
• SHAW, LEMUEL (1781–1861)
• SHAW, RICHARD NORMAN (1831– )

Shaw and Colborne, soon became celebrated as one of the best See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of troops in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and every engagement added to their laurels .

Craufurd's operations on the Coa and Agueda in 1810 were daring to the point of rashness, but he knew the quality of the men he led better than his critics did, and though See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington censured him for his conduct, he at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time increased his force to a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division by the addition of two picked regiments of Portuguese Cacadores . The conduct of the renowned " Light Division " at Busaco is described by Napier in one of his most vivid passages . The See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1810—1811 Craufurd spent in England, and his division was commanded in the See also:

• INTERIM

interim by another officer, who did not display much ability . He reappeared on the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of the battle of Fuentes d'Onoro amidst the cheers of his men, and nothing could show his See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius for See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war better than his conduct on this day, in covering the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange readjustment of his See also:

• LINE

line which Wellington was compelled to make in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the enemy . A little later he obtained major-general's See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank; and on the I9th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1812, as he stood on the See also:

• GLACIS

glacis of See also:

• CIUDAD

Ciudad Rodrigo, directing the stormers of the Light Division, he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell mortally wounded . His See also:

• BODY

body was carried out of See also:

• ACTION

action by his staff officer, Lieutenant Shaw of the 43rd (see SHAW See also:

• KENNEDY
• KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL (1804-1889)
• KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS (1788-1879)
• KENNEDY, WALTER (c. 1460–c. 1508)

KENNEDY), and, after lingering four days, he died . He was buried in the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of the fortress where he had met his See also:

• DEATH

death, and a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral commemorates Craufurd and Mackinnon, the two generals killed at the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo . The exploits of Craufurd and the Light Division are amongst the most cherished traditions of the British and Portuguese armies .. One of the quickest and most brilliant, if not the very first, of Wellington's generals, he had a fiery See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper, which rendered him a difficult See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man to See also:

• DEAL

deal with, but to the day of his death he possessed the confidence and See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of his men in an extraordinary degree . His See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder brother, Lieutenant-General Sir CHARLES CRAUFURD (1761-1821), entered the 1st See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

Dragoon See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards in 1778 . Made captain in the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's Bays in 1785, he became the See also:

• EQUERRY (from the Fr. ecuric, a stable, through its older form escurie, from the Med. Lat. scuria, a word of Teutonic origin for a stable or shed, cf. Ger. Scheuer; the modern spelling has con-fused the word with the Lat. equus, a horse)

equerry and intimate friend of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . He studied in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany for some time, and, with his brother See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert's assistance, translated Tielcke's See also:

• BOOK

book on the Seven Years' War (The Remarkable Events of the War between See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia from 1756 to 1763) .

As aide-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp he accompanied the duke of York to the French War in 1793, and was at once sent as commissioner to the Austrian headquarters, with which he was present at See also:

• NEERWINDEN

Neerwinden, See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar's Camp, Famars, Landrecies, &c . Major in 1793, and lieutenant-colonel in 1794, he returned to the See also:

• ENGLISH

English army in the latter year, and on one occasion distinguished himself at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of two squadrons, taking 3 guns and r000 prisoners . When the British army See also:

• LEFT

left the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent Craufurd was again attached to the Austrian army, and was present at the actions on the See also:

• LAHN

Lahn, the combat of Neumarkt, and the battle of See also:

• AMBERG

Amberg . At the last battle a severe See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound rendered him incapable of further service, and cut See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short a promising career . He succeeded his brother Robert as member of parliament for East Retford (i8o6—1812) . He died in 1821, having become a lieutenant-general and a G.C.B .