See also:

• EARL

EARL See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• CRAVEN, PAULINE MARIE ARMANDE AGLAE (18o8—189r)
• EARL WILLIAM CRAVEN CRAVEN

CRAVEN CRAVEN  of (1608—1697), eldest son of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CRAVEN, PAULINE MARIE ARMANDE AGLAE (18o8—189r)
• CRAVEN, WILLIAM CRAVEN, EARL

Craven, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of See also:

• LONDON

London, and of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, daughter of See also:

• ALDERMAN (from A.-S. ealdorman, compounded of the comparative degree of the adjective eald, old, and man)

Alderman William Whitmore, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• JUNE

June 16o8, matriculated at Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, in 1623, and joined the society of the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple in 1624 . He had already inherited his See also:

• FATHER

father's vast See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune by the latter's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1618, and before he came of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he had distinguished himself in the military service of the princes of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange . Returning See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home he was knighted and created See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron Craven of See also:

• HAMPSTEAD

Hampstead See also:

• MARSHALL
• MARSHALL, ALFRED (1842– )
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1755–1835)
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1818-1891)
• MARSHALL, STEPHEN (c. 1594-1655)

Marshall in See also:

• BERKSHIRE [abbreviated Berks, pronounced Berkshire]
• BERKSHIRE, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1587–1669)

Berkshire in 1627 . He See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early showed See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm for the cause of the unfortunate See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of Bohemia, driven from their dominions, and in 1632 joined See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick in a military expedition to recover the See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate, See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting Gustavus See also:

• ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

Adolphus at See also:

• HOCHST

Hochst, whose praise he gained by being the first, though wounded, to See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

mount the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach at the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• KREUZNACH (CREUZNACH)

Kreuznach on the 22nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February . The See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish king, however, refused to allow the elector an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent command for the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the Palatinate, and Craven returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In May 1633 he was placed on the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . In 1637 he took See also:

• PART

part in a second expedition in aid of the See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine See also:

• FAMILY

family on the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, with the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young elector See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• RUPERT (1352—1410)
• RUPERT (HRODBERT), ST
• RUPERT, PRINCE, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE AND DUKE OF BAVARIA (1619—1682)

Rupert, and offered as a contribution the sum of £30,000, but their forces were defeated near See also:

• WESSEL, JOHAN 1 (c. 1420-1489)

Wessel and Craven wounded and taken prisoner together with Rupert . He See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased his freedom in 1639, and then joined the small See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of the exiled queen Elizabeth at the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague and at Rhenen, supplying her generously with funds on the cessation of her See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension owing to the outbreak of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . He contributed also large sums in aid of Charles I., and, after his See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution, of Charles II., the amount bestowed upon the latter being alone computed at £50,000,1 notwithstanding that since 1651 the greater part of his estates had been confiscated by the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament and his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at Caversham reduced to ruins .2 At the Restoration he accompanied Charles to England, regained his estates, and was rewarded with offices and honours . He was made See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of several regiments including the See also:

• COLDSTREAM

Coldstream, and in 1667 See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and also high steward of See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge University . In 1666 he became a privy councillor, but was not included later in 1679 in Sir William Temple's remodelled council.3 In 1668 he became a See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• CHARTERHOUSE

Charterhouse, was appointedlord-lieutenant of See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex, and See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the Trinity House in 1670; and in 1673 a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for See also:

• TANGIER (locally TANJAH)

Tangier . He was one of the lords proprietors of Carolina and a member of the See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

Fishery See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee .

In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1664 he was created See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

viscount and See also:

• EARL

earl of Craven . Meanwhile his devotion to the interests of the queen of Bohemia was unceasing, and on her return to England he offered her hospitality at his house in See also:

• DRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579)

Drury See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane, where she remained till February 1662 . At her death, within a fortnight afterwards, she bequeathed to Craven her papers and her valuable collection of portraits, but there is no See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation for the belief entertained later that she had married him . In 1682 he became the See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of Ruperta, the natural daughter of his old comrade in arms, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Rupert . He was again made a privy councillor and lieutenant-general of the forces by See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James on his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession, and at the age of eighty was in command of the Coldstreams at See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall on the 17th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1688 when the Dutch troops arrived . He refused to withdraw them at the bidding of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Solms, the Dutch See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, but obeyed later James's own orders to retire . His public career now closed and he filled no See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office after the revolution . Although his claims upon the gratitude of the See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart royal family were immense, Craven had never been considered a possible See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for high See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . His ability was probably small, and he is spoken of with little respect in the See also:

• VERNEY

Verney Papers and by the electress See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia in her See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs . The latter retails some foolish observations made by Craven, and See also:

• PEPYS, SAMUEL (1633-1703)

Pepys was disgusted at his coarse and stupid jests at the Fishery See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board, where his "very confused and very ridiculous proceedings" are also censured.' His military prowess, however, his generosity and his public spirit are undoubted . He showed See also:

• GREAT

great activity during the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague and See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of London . - He was a See also:

• PATRON

patron of letters and a member of the Royal Society .

He inherited See also:

• COMBE, ANDREW (1797-1847)
• COMBE, GEORGE (1788-1858)
• COMBE, or COOMB
• COMBE, WILLIAM (1741–1823)

Combe See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey near See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• COVENTRY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

Coventry from his father, and purchased Hampstead Marshall in Berkshire, where he built a house on the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle . He died unmarried on the 9th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1697, when the earldom became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct, the See also:

• BARONY

barony passing by See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder to his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin William, 2nd Baron Craven; the See also:

• PRESENT

present earl of Craven (the earldom being revived in 1801) is descended from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, a younger brother of the latter . The first Lord Craven's brother John, who was created Baron Craven of Ryton in See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire and who died in 1648, was the founder of the Craven scholarships at Oxford and Cambridge See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities, of which the first was awarded in 1649 . Verney Papers, 189 See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note . 2 See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn's See also:

• DIARY

Diary, June 8th, 1654 . 9 Hist . See also:

• MSS

MSS . See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

Corn.: Various Collections, ii . 394 . 4 Diary, Oct . 18th and Nov . 18th, 1664, and March loth, 1665 .