Online Encyclopedia

JOHN CRAWFURD (1783-1868)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 387 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN CRAWFURD (1783-1868)  , Scottish orientalist, was born in the island of
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Islay, Scotland, on the 13th of August 1783 . After studying at
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Edinburgh he became surgeon in the East India
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Company's service . He afterwards resided for some time at Penang, and during the
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British occupation of
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Java from 1811 to 1817 his
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local knowledge made him invaluable to the government . In 1821 he served as envoy to Siam and Cochin-
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China, and in 1823 became governor of Singapore . His last
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political service inthe East was a difficult
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mission to
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Burma in 1827 . In 1861 he was elected president of the Ethnological Society . He died at South
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Kensington on the rrth of May 1868 . Crawfurd wrote a
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History of the
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Indian
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Archipelago (182o), Descriptive
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Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries (1856), Journal of an
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Embassy to the Court of
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Ava in 1827 (1829), Journal of an Embassy to the Courts of Siam and Cochin-China, exhibiting a view of the actual State of these Kingdoms (183o), Inquiry into the
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System of Taxation in India, Letters on the Interior of India, an attack on the newspaper stamp-tax and the duty on paper entitled Taxes on Knowledge (1836), and a valuable
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Malay grammar and dictionary (1852) .

End of Article: JOHN CRAWFURD (1783-1868)
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